PASSAGES The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio
Fall 1987 Vol. 2, No. 4
The 18th Century Origins of the
Tejano Community of San Antonio
The 18th Century Origins of ry Bexar by Dr. Gerald E. Poyo, the Texas Humanities Resource Cen­the
Tejano Community of San An- research associate at The Institute of ter and Hispanic Settlement in
tonio, a public discussion scheduled Texan Cultures. Texas: The First 150 Years from the
for October 17,8 a.m. to '3 p.m., will Dr. Oakah L. Jones, professor Texas General Land Office, will be
bring historians, archivists and ar- of history at Purdue University in on display in conjunction with the
chaeologists together with a broad Indiana, and Dr. David R. Johnson, public discussion (see the "Calendar
public audience to examine r;:=:::::::::::::=:==::::::::::::::::::=:::=:;n of Events;' page 12, for dates
the many forces involved in Ir and descriptions of the exhib-creating
the early San Anto- "Pt:t[il its). Also on display will be
nio community. ~ several drawings by Jose Cis-
Conference participants neros, the Herrera gate recent-will
examine the various ly discovered and restored,
groups who founded the set- . M 1. .. 16 If and a model of San Antonio
tlement in an effort to better $L~ -, .r ~l . i':.,'//:,:14 in 1836 created by George
understand the goals and 4 I:> • B D • • Nelson and on loan from the
aspirations of each and the Witte Museum.
process which drew them to- The conference is free
gether to form a cohesive, in- and open to the public and is
tegrated community. Pres en- made possible by the Texas
tations will include: Forgotten Committee for the Humani-
Founders: The Military Set- + ties, a state program of the
tIers of 18th Century San An- National Endowment for the
tonio de Bexar by Jesus F. de Humanities, and the Kathryn
la Teja, archivist for the Texas Dt tik ma..lHl"l."y Cbfl ,[h Gehllda. iuedaU. O'Connor Foundation. For in-
General Land Office; The 1'"''''' formation, contact Dr. Gerald
Mission Communities: The h pobll.cion <jut It t't'l1.mti ~'11. n't tt pta. E. Poyo at The Institute, P.o.
Goals of the Friars by Dr. 1)0 4ue. e.(h, (hril~· '1b~o, eu.yu '~h"u Box 1226, San Antonio, Texas
Gilberto M. Hinojosa, profes- y ntUn~TO' t.DTTr.fpon d.~ G:n"'l (.U~at' 78294, (512) 226-7651.
sor of history at The Univer- i> As a supplement for the
sity of Texas at San Antonio cL,uc:IL ~{b..t\, (o'lDc...t.h,~ R(.}>o-o cUw conference and exhibits, this
(UTSA); Contributions of doC; elvno) il otco../C),.. issue of Texas PASSAGES
Mission Indians to the San ~ highlights the Spanish colo-
Antonio Community by n])cic..l.cl.o. nial perio d of Texas h istory
Anne A. Fox, archaeologist at and includes an article about
UTSA; Independent Indians the discovery and restoration
and the San Antonio Com- of the Herrera gate, as well as
munity by Dr. Elizabeth A.H. John, professor of history at UTSA, will an adaptation of the 1836 model
specialist in colonial Texas history; comment and invite questions and exhibit and an excerpt from a
and The Canary Islands Immigrants discussion from the audience. description of San Antonio de Bexar
of San Antonio: From Ethnic Exclu- Two special exhibits, New in the mid-18th century by Francis­sivity
to Community in 18th Centu- Spain: The Frontiers of Faith from can friar Juan Agustin Morfi.
he Herrera Gate Project
The Herrera Gate project is a
complex study involving conserva­tion,
architectural description and
historical research about a wooden
gate - an extremely rare example of
late Spanish colonial wooden archi­tecture.
The proper Spanish name
for the gate is parton, a large en­trance
gate of two leaves to a sub­stantial
structure or compound.
The project was a unique col­laborative
effort to preserve, docu­ment
and protect this important part
of the architectural heritage of the
state of Texas. Mr. Adolph Herrera,
owner of the gate; the Meadows
Foundation of Dallas; the City of
San Antonio; The University of
Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at
San Antonio (ITC); the Materials
Conservation Laboratory, Texas Me­morial
Museum, The University of
Texas at Austin (MCL); and The
Center for Archaeological Research,
The University of Texas at San An­tonio
(CAR-UTSA) all contributed
to the work.
The Find
The Herrera gate was found by
archaeologists A. Joachim McGraw
and Kay Hindes from the CAR-by
Kay Hindes
UTSA in November 'of 1984 during
the course of studies for the pro­posed
Applewhite Reservoir in
southwestern Bexar County. The
gate was located on the property of
Mr. Adolph Herrera of San Anto­nio,
a potential National Register
site. Mr. Herrera is a descendant of
Jose Francisco Ruiz, one of two na­tive
Texans to sign the Texas Decla­ration
of Independence in 1836, as
well as of BIas Herrera, the Tejano
messenger to Colonel Travis at the
Alamo and member of Juan Seguin's
volunteer company. Francisco Anto­nio
Ruiz, acting alcalde, or mayor,
of Bexar during the Battle of the
Alamo in 1836, was the brother of
Maria Josefa Ruiz, the wife of BIas
Herrera and great-great grandmoth­er
of Mr. Herrera.
"Site 41 BX 672;' as it is known
to archaeologists, is one of a series
of early historic sites owned and
occupied by the Ruiz-Herrera fami­lies
along the Medina River since the
late 18th century. One building on
the property was reportedly con­structed
from scrap lumber acquired
from the Alamo. When asked about
the origins of the gate, Mr. Herrera
replied: "Oh, it carne from one of the
View of gate at Site 41 EX 672 in November 1984. Photo courtesy of The Center
for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio.
2
missions:' Based on circumstantial
evidence, oral history, physical char­acteristics
and construction tech­niques,
McGraw and Hindes specu­lated
that the gate may possibly
have come from the Alamo or one
of the other four missions in San
Antonio. Limitations imposed by
the scope of the larger project pre­vented
an in-depth study of the gate
at that time, but a repository for its
safe storage was sought.
In April of 1986, under the
direction of Mr. Thomas Guderjan,
the gate was moved to The Institute
of Texan Cultures for storage and
curation. Funding for further archi­val
research to determine authentic­ity
and possibly the origins of the
gate, as well as stabilization and
conservation, was secured by The
Institute through the City of San
Antonio from the Meadows Foun­dation
of Dallas.
continued on page 9
Texas Passages is published
quarterly by The University of Texas
Institute of Texan Cultures at San
Antonio as an information resource
on subjects relating to Texas history
and culture as well as current issues
affecting the state. Comments and
suggestions concerning the publica­tion
should be directed to the Office
of News and Information, The Insti­tute
of Texan Cultures, P.D. Box
1226, San Antonio, Texas 78294,
(512) 226-7651.
Editors: Jo Eckerman, Director of
News and Information
James C. McNutt,
Director of Research
and Collections
Contributing Authors: Gerald E.
Poyo, Research Associate,
The Institute of
Texan Cultures
Kay Hindes, Center for
Archaeological Research,
The University of Texas at
San Antonio
Designer: Meredith Rees
! •
Morfi's History of Texas
During 1777 and 1778 Franciscan fria r Juan
Agustin Morfi accompanied the newly appoin­ted
Commandant General of the northern prov­inces
of New Spain, Teodoro de Croix, on an
inspection tour of those regions. On his return
to Mexico City, Morfi wrote his Historia de la
Prov incia de Texas, 1673-1779, a now-classic text
on colonial Texas history. The following excerpt
is Morfi's description of San Antonio de Bexar
in the mid-18th century, taken from Carlos E.
Castaneda's translation, History of Texas, 1673-
1779, by Fray Juan Agustin Morfi (1935). Cas­taneda
located the original manuscript in the
National Library of Mexico in 1931. Written in
part as a defense of missionary activities in
Texas, the excerpt reveals a distinct bias against
the soldier and civilian settlers in the province.
-Eds.
Villa de San Fernando and Presidio de San
Antonio de Bexar. On the west bank of the San
Antonio river, about a league from its source,
above the point where San Pedro creek joins the
river, is situated the villa of San Fernando and
the presidio of San Antonio de Bexar, with no
other division between them than the parochial
church. To the west of the presidio is San Pedro
creek, in such a manner that the villa and the
presidio are both situated within the angle
formed by the juncture of the two streams. The
church building is spacious and has a vaulted
roof, but the whole is so poorly constructed that
it promises but a short life. The town consists
of fifty-nine houses of stone and mud and sev­enty-
nine of wood, but all poorly built, without
any preconceived plan, so that the whole resem­bles
more a poor village than a villa, capital of
so pleasing a province. Its population is made
up of islanders [islenos] and families from the
country. The former have acquired control of
practically the whole city government [regimien­to].
They are indolent and given to vice, and do
not deserve the blessings of the land. The sol­diers'
quarters, originally built of stone and
adobe, are almost in ruins. The establishment
of this villa, independently of the presidio, has
cost the king more than eighty thousand pesos.
The streets are tortuous and are filled with mud
the minute it rains. The presidio is surrounded
by a poor stockade on which are mounted a few
swivel guns, without shelter or defense, that can
be used only for firing a salvo. There is no other
trade than that required to supply the needs of
the commissary for the garrison and the meager
wants of the wretched settlers. The parish priest
looks after the [garrison of the] presidio, there
being no chaplain, and receives a small pension
for his services. The governor used to live in
what was the jail or guard house, which afforded
a poor residence at best.
San Antonio de Valero. On the east bank
of the San Antonio, about two gunshots' dis­tance
from the villa, is the mission of San Anto­nio
de Valero. It consists of a small convent fifty
varas square with an arched gallery around the
court [patio] on the first and second floors,
around which are built the necessary rooms for
the missionaries with the corresponding porter's
lodge, refectory, offices, and kitchen. On the sec­ond
patio [backyard] there is a large room with
four looms and the necessary spinning wheels
to weave cotton cloth for shawls, and ordinary
coarse cotton and woolen cloth for the Indians.
Two other rooms, in which the raw materials
and the tools are kept, adjoin the workshop.
The church [chapel] was ruined through the
ignorance of the builder, but a new one, simple,
roomy, and well planned, is being erected on the
same place, though it is not finished. In the
meantime services are held in the sacristy, which
is a small room, but very tidy and neat, with
a small, new, golden altar on which is venerated
a handsome image of the titular Saint Anthony.
The Indian quarters form a square about
the mission with attractive porticoes, the whole
being watered by a beautiful irrigation ditch
bordered by various kinds of trees. Besides this,
a well was dug to forestall the lack of water in
case of being besieged by the enemy. To safe­guard
it the door [leading to it] is fortified. At
the entrance to the convent a small watchtower
was built, with loopholes for three swivel guns
which, with other firearms and the correspon­ding
ammunition, are carefully guarded.
This mission was founded with Xaraname,
Payaye, Zanas, Ypanis, Cocos, Tops, and Karan­cawa
Indians and from the time of its erection
[1718] to the end of the year 1761, there were
1972 persons baptized, 1247 were administered
the holy sacraments at their death, 454 were
married, and there were at that time 76 families
[at the mission], numbering 275 persons in all.
But since that time their number has been greatly
reduced and today [1778], it scarcely has enough
[neophytes] to cultivate the fields, and the looms
have been abandoned [for lack of workers].
I
/ t' I
3
San Antonio de Bexar:
Its First Century of Growth and Development
Editor's Note: This section is adapted from the text of
an exhibit featuring a model of San Antonio in 1836 on
display at The Institute. Created by George Nelson, the model
is on loan from the Witte Museum of San Antonio. The
accompanying text was prepared by Institute Research Asso­ciate
Gerald E. Poyo for the current display in conjunction
with the public discussion, 'The 18th Century Origins of the
Tejano Community of San Antonio."
Originally established to support the east
Texas settlement of Los Adaes, San Antonio de
Bexar grew up around three kinds of institu­tions:
missions, a presidio and a villa.
I
Misi6n de San Antonio de Valero
Founded in 1718 by Father Antonio de San
Buenaventura y Olivares, the mission of San
Antonio de Valero was the first official Spanish
institution along the San Antonio River. The
mission compound included a church, living
quarters for Indians, workshops and gardens.
Franciscan friars taught Indians of many tribal
groups Spanish ways, including farming, ranch­ing
and various trades such as carpentry and
weaving. San Antonio de Valero controlled all
the lands east of the San Antonio River until
the early 1790's, when secularization of the
missions began. Four other missions were also
built to the south along the river.
Mision de San Antonio de Valero from across the San
Antonio River, c 1829, by Jose Juan Sanchez Estrada.
- .. ~.. .. .~ · ... "vr- " .... "~""~.:.'~
. • .' . .,.~ T'~-~
• • .' "" ........ f
, '.
, .
<1 II I \
Il I II {I 1 I'I!J 1 II t..
Plan of the Presidio de San Antonio de Bexar, 1722.
4
Presidio de San Antonio de Bexar
In order to protect San Antonio de Valero
and the other missions, the Spanish Crown
established a presidio, or military garrison,
between the San Antonio River and San Pedro
Creek. A barracks, the captain's quarters, store­rooms,
and other buildings and walls formed
an enclosure around a square known as the
Plaza de Armas. Soldier-settlers, many of
mixed racial heritage, defended the area from
Indian attacks and, with their families, culti­vated
lands around the presidial compound.
Villa de San Fernando de Bexar
Even though the mission and presidio
communities established a viable and growing
Spanish presence along the San Antonio River,
Crown officials wanted to encourage and in­crease
immigration and economic development
of the region. Fifty-six Canary Islanders were
recruited to settle in Bexar and establish a
formal town. The villa was placed directly east
and adjacent to the presidio. A church, the city
council building and private residences encir­cled
a square known as the Plaza de las Islas.
All lands west of the San Antonio River not
directly under the control of the presidio
became part of the villa.
San Fernando Church in 1848, a drawing by Captain
Seth Eastman. San Fernando was the original church
on the Plaza de las Islas.
Water
Since farming was an essential activity for the missions and the villa, the construction of
water systems was a high priority. San Antonio de Valero mission had a complex acequia, or
canal, system that brought the necessary water to its fields and compound from the San Antonio
River. Soon after the founding of the town in 1731, construction began on the acequia system.
It ran from the headwaters of San Pedro Springs, through the town, to the fields south of the
settlement. In the early years the water carried by the canal was for the exclusive use of the Canary
Islanders, but later in the century others gained rights to water through purchase or rent.
This dam at Mision de San Francisco de la Espada, one of the five missions along the San Antonio River, chan­neled
water into the acequia. Photo courtesy of Ann Russell, San Antonio.
5
The Barrios
In 1809 Governor Manuel Maria Salcedo
divided the town into four barrios or neighbor­hoods
- Barrio del Sur, Barrio del Norte, Barrio
de Laredo and Barrio de Valero - each with its
own alcalde, or magistrate, and citizens' com­mittee
to maintain civil order and street sanita­tion.
Two additional informal barrios were El
Potrero and La Villita.
This colonial structure located southeast of the plazas
was known as "La Quinta" and served as a prison during
the 1813 Spanish reconquest of San Antonio. It also was
San Antonio's first U.S. post office (photo late 1800's).
Barrio del Norte
Initially residents of the presidio and villa
lived in houses or barracks around the squares.
As the community grew, however, people re­ceived
solares, or grants of land, for residences,
gardens and orchards to the north of the plazas
between the river and the creek. The grants
measured from 60 varas (165 ft.) to 80 varas
(220 ft .) square. The community's most promi­nent
citizens lived in Barrio del Norte when
they were not residing on their ranches.
6
Barrio del Sur
Barrio del Sur was the neighborhood
south of the plazas, which included the villa's
original farmlands. In 1734 Governor Manuel
de Sandoval granted 32 pieces of irrigable land
south of the villa to 15 Canary Islands families
and four single men. The grants were given in
long strips that extended from the San Antonio
River to San Pedro Creek in order to ensure that
all would have access to water. While the area
slowly became residential as the farms were
broken up through sale or inheritance, it re­mained
farmland well into the 19th century.
One of the most imposing structures in Barrio del Norte
was the Veramendi residence on Soledad Street, c 1870.
Barrio de Valero
Barrio de Valero was located east of the
San Antonio River. By the last decade of the
18th century, the Bexar missions had outlived
their effectiveness in congregating and hispan­icizing
Indians. A shortage of lands for new
settlers and constant disputes between the mis­sions
and the villa convinced Spanish authori­ties
to initiate the secularization of the missions.
The process began in 1793 with San Antonio
de Valero. Farms were distributed to the 13
Indian families still in the mission, and the
remainder went to landless residents of the
villa. Many who received Valero's lands were
immigrants from the east Texas presidio com­munity
of Los Adaes, which had been ordered
abandoned by the Crown in 1770.
",
. :,.tol-;f .~. ~ I.,f~.: .~t '
Barrio de Laredo
West of San Pedro Creek was Barrio de
Laredo. For many years settlers were reluctant
to live on the "far side of the creek" because it
was considered too distant from the presidio for
effective protection from the Indians. During
the 1740's and 1750's a few residents received
land in the area along the road to Laredo, which
ran parallel to the creek. But as immigration
increased during the 1760's and 1770's, the area
became an active neighborhood inhabited to a
large extent by new arrivals to the settlement.
The campo santo, or community cemetery, was
established in Barrio de Laredo in 1808 after
the traditional cemetery at San Fernando
church was no longer adequate.
f. ,: .
Drawing by Captain Seth Eastman of a residence near
Mision de San Antonio de Valero in 1848.
7
El Potrero
Directly east of the villa, EI Potrero was
originally granted to the Villa de San Fernando
as communal pasturelands. For many years the
area could not become residential because of
an agreement in 1745 between the villa and
Valero mission. Very protective of the Indians,
the missionary friars did not want civilian
homesteads too close to the mission. Although
the villa honored this agreement until the early
1750's, demographic pressures forced distribu­tion
of lands in this area for homesites during
the next two decades.
La Vii/ita, looking south from El Potrero, c 1880.
A process of growth and human interac­tion
changed the settlement of San Antonio de
Bexar during the century after the founding of
the mission, presidio and villa. Initially the
institutions were inhabited by distinct human
groups: Indians, Mexican soldier-settlers and
Canary Islanders. By the early 1800's San Anto­nio
was a Tejano community. The institutional
and ethnic distinctions had faded, and the town
had grown into an ethnically integrated, though
socially stratified, community.
8
Map of San Antonio de Bexar
in 1836 by Jack Jackson.
A view of Commerce Street, originally El Potrero Street,
from the east side of the San Antonio River in 1861.
La Villita
South of San Antonio de Valero was a
small neighborhood known as La Villita. While
its exact beginnings are obscure, La Villita
apparently originated as a residential area for
people somehow associated with the mission,
perhaps non-Indian employees. Its existence is
referred to in 1792 in connection with the plans
to secularize the mission. La V ill it a grew after
Valero was secularized and its lands distributed.
The residents were probably some of Valero's
new landowners and the families of the military
company garrisoned in the mission compound.
Removal of gate from Site 41 BX 672 by The University of Texas Institute of Texan
Cultures at San Antonio in April 1986.
continued from page 2
The Research
Archival research concentrated
on two basic areas: the authenticity
of the gate and its origin. The re­searcher
hoped to offer indications
about origins through archaeologi­cal
evidence, historical documentary
source investigations and architec­tural
analysis. Work to date shows
that the gate has a probable con­struction
date of circa 1760 to 1820.
Indications strongly suggest that it
is a main compound entrance gate
from one of the five San Antonio
missions, but the precise prove­nience
has not been determined. Re­search
has substantiated that mem­bers
of the Ruiz-Herrera families
purchased property at the San An­tonio
missions, in particular at San
Antonio de Valero and San Jose y
San Miguel de Aguayo, as early as
the 1820's. This documentation
matches the family's oral tradition
as related by Mr. Adolph Herrera.
The Architecture
The gate assembly consists of
two sawn and dressed mesquite
leaves, each measuring approxi­mately
four feet six inches wide
(4'6") by eight feet three inches high
(8'3"). Together they fit an opening
nine feet wide by eight feet three
inches tall (9'x8'3"). Joinery is mor­tise
and tenon construction held to­gether
with lathe-cut wooden pegs.
Each leaf contains eight rails (or
crossbeams), two vertical stiles and
three spacer blocks between the rails
for a total of 21 spacer blocks. The
complex stile joinery varies and con­sists
of three to five pieces of wood.
The pattern creates 28 rectangular
openings in each door. Joints are
rabbeted. The hanging system uti­lizes
cylindrical pivots integral to the
stile, varying from 2%" to 3%". Leaf
A is planed to a depth of four inches
(4"); Leaf B is planed to a depth of
three and one-half inches (311/') .
Locking hardware on the gate con­sisted
of a wrought-iron hook-and­eye
system, attached at the fifth rail
from the top. Only the eyebolt (ar­mella)
remains in Leaf A; Leaf B
bears evidence of a panel, now miss­ing,
where the corresponding hook
was attached. The rectangular open­ings
were filled at one time with
individual panels, also missing, per­haps
of carved wood, positioned by
rabbets in the rails at the top and
bottom of each opening. The design
and evident use of the gate make it
a fine example of the architecture of
the late Spanish colonial period.
Preservation and
Conservation
The condition of the gate neces­sitated
careful conservation. Leaf A,
continued page 10
Additionally, the physical di­mensions
of the gate correspond to
standard Spanish colonial wall
heights as well as documented
widths and heights of entranceways
and walls at several of the San An­tonio
missions. Close-up of the gate illustrating the mortise and tenon joint.
9
gN!lll§
Scale drawing of the Herrera gate. Courtesy of Bess Althaus Graham, delineator.
Gates: continued from page 9 The Herrera gate will be on dis­play
in October at The Institute in
conjunction with a conference enti-tIed
'The 18th Century Origins of
the Tejano Community of San Anto­nio:'
The final report on the artifact
is projected to be published by mid­October
to coincide with the open­ing
exhibit and conference. The Her­rera
gate studies provide the first
documentation and analysis of
Spanish colonial wooden architec­tural
gates in the San Antonio area.
The studies also offer insights into
the techniques and methods of early
woodworking, as well as identify
resources along what was once the
Spanish colonial frontier.
The preceding article was extracted
from "The Herrera Gate: An Archival,
Architectural and Conservation Study"
by Kay Hindes, staff member of The
Center for Archaeological Research,
The University of Texas at San Antonio.
The study will be published by the
CAR-UTSA with assistance from The
Institute of Texan Cultures.
the most deteriorated of the two,
was sent to the Materials Conserva­tion
Lab, Texas Memorial Museum,
The University of Texas at Austin.
Leaf B underwent minimal treat­ment
at The Institute.
New Members
Conservation treatment of the
gate was primarily concerned with
the scientific prevention of further
deterioration. Current conservation
principles advocate minimum inter­vention
in order to preserve and
maintain an artifact's material and
historic integrity. Moisture and in­sects
had contributed to a highly
unstable wood surface. Priority
treatment consisted of cleaning the
gate and chemically destroying fun­gus
spores which had grown on it.
Additionally, Leaf A was partially
disassembled in order to make re­pairs
to various components. Broken
areas and previous repairs required
mending in order to regain their
structural strength and add to the
overall integrity of the gate. Missing
areas, cracks and gaps were filled
with an acid-free tissue paper and
silicone technique. The partially de­teriorated
side stile of Leaf A was
replaced with an acrylic substitute.
Metal components were cleaned
mechanically and then coated with
WD-40 to facilitate preservation.
10
Associates
Dr. Amy J 0 Baker
Virginia D. Belt
Col. and Mrs. John W. Browning
Mary Ann De Armand
James D. and Katherine H. Folbre
Frost National Bank
GPM Life Insurance Co.
Mary Galle
Harte-Hanks Communications
Elvira "Cupe" John
Sylvia A. Karam
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Lancaster
Paul A. Lechcowick
Pat Legan
Susan Lock
Marion R. McClanahan
Bonnie M. McKee
Jane M. McMillan
Albert M. McNeel Jr.
Barbara Marshall
Barbara Jean Martin
Robert S. Marvin
Susan Amini-Minor and Jesse Minor
Phyllis Mulder
The Richard B. Negley Family
Norma T. Norton
Dr. and Mrs. James D. O'Keefe
Col. (ret.) and Mrs. William D.
Old II
Mrs. Harry J. Parker
Maj. (ret.) Robert J. Parker Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Paul A. Rode
Naomi Grey Russell
R.K. Saunders
Marvin Selig
Semmes Foundation
Judge William S. Sessions
Judge Adrian A. Spears
Shirley L. Thompson
Barbara N. Williams
Alliance
Lois Beauchamp
David Bailey
Holley Barrett
Patricia Ebner
Cindy VanDenBerghe
Celina Zavala
Ambassadors
Stephanie Evans, Harker Heights
Karen Jentsch, Arlington
Jo Carrol Jones, Victoria
Marlene Kadlecek, New Braunfels
Rita Kerr, San Antonio
Jack Leo, Austin
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel M. Salazar,
Texas City
Nancy Lou Webster, Elgin
Memorials
The following tributes help support a
variety of programs and publications at The
Institute of Texan Cultures and create a
legacy of cultural pride that commemorates
these individuals.
Tributes were made in memory of:
James B. Allbritton by Mrs. Frieda
Jackson
Benton A. Davies by Mr. and Mrs.
Walter G. Davies
Mrs. John O'leary by Carol B. Greenlee
Tributes were made in honor of:
Gen. Patrick E Cassidy by Gen. and
Mrs. W.H. Simpson
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Nicholls on their
50th wedding anniversary by Mr. and
Mrs George Vizard
Emily and Kelly Wofford on their 60th
wedding anniversary by Mr. and Mrs.
William H. Collier, Mr. and Mrs.
Rudolph A. Hess, Mr. and Mrs. George
Loftis, Lt. Col (reL) David M. Jones,
Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Hester, Mr. and
Mrs. J.o. Hidy Jr., Mr. and Mrs.
Oswald A. Riba, Mr. and Mrs. Robert
Peiffer, Mr. and Mrs. R.L. Gard, Fred
and Clara Gould, Lt. Col. (reL) and
Mrs. G.E. Naramor, Mr. and Mrs.
Delbert J. Rowland, Dr. and Mrs.
Michael Siegelman, Mrs. E.W.
December, R.B. and Sandra Tucker,
Annie (Mrs. Geo. M.) Harwell, Mr.
and Mrs. J.J. Martin, Mr. and Mrs. EJ.
Vollmer Jr., Florence Saunders, Col
(reL) and Mrs. W.W. Williams,
Dorothy Z. Wildenstein, Nelda L.
Blech, Mr. and Mrs. Earl Truax Jr., Mr.
and Mrs. Ben E Bierman, Helen and
John Boles, Mary S. Burroughs, Mr.
and Mrs. Arthur L. Harper Jr., Mrs.
J.e. Harrison, Sally Lou Hopkins, Mr.
and Mrs. H.P. Mutschler, Col. and
Mrs. A.B. Ogden, Mr. and Mrs. Walter
Schlinke, Florence P. Springer, Lt. Col.
(reL) Augusta L. Short, Col. and Mrs.
R.H. Touby, Consuelo S. Wilson and
Ruth M. Winters
at San Antonio
~ennbership ~evvs
During the past quarter The
Institute has received grants from
the Chevron Corporation and the
Exxon Education Foundation to
match memberships and donations
to The Institute from their employ­ees.
Corporate matching gifts can
double, or more than double, your
donation to The Institute. If you are
interested in matching gift programs,
such as those organized by South­western
Bell and Valero Energy Cor­poration,
contact The Institute's
Development Office at 226-7651,
ext. 233, for more information.
Traveling Exhibits
Traveling exhibits are designed by The Institute of Texan Cultures so that all Texans
can enjoy learning about the state's ethnic heritage. The exhibits can be found at schools,
businesses, libraries, shopping malls, museums and other public buildings throughout the
state. The following list will help you locate the Institute exhibit on display near you. For
further information or to reserve an exhibit, contact the Traveling Exhibits Coordinator
at (512) 226-765l.
Archeology in Texas
October 9-26: DALLAS/State Fair of Texas
Children of Many Lands Came to Texas
October 1-31: DALLAS/North town Mall
A Festival of Pinatas
October 22-November 15: PORT ALBERNI, BRITISH COLUMBIA/
Alberni Valley Museum
December 1-31: SIWAM SPRINGS, ARKANSAS/Siloam
Springs Museum
The Greeks in Texas: A Proud Heritage
October 9-26: DALLAS/State Fair of Texas
Mexican Folk Toys
October 22-November 15: PORT ALBERN!, BRITISH COLUMBIA/
Alberni Valley Museum
October 29-November 22: DALLAS/Northtown Mall
Ranch Women: Roles, Images, Possibilities
October 9-26: DALLAS/State Fair of Texas
Reach for the Sky: Aviation in Texas
October 9-26: DALLAS/State Fair of Texas
October 10-31: HARLINGEN/ Valle Vista Mall
October 28-November 2: SAN ANTONIO/Convention Center
Saints Preserve Us
October 2S-November 7: EL PASO/The University of Texas at
El Paso Library
December 1-31: HUNTSVILLE/ Huntsville Public Library
December 7-January 9: ODESSA/ Presidential Museum
Texas Images
October 9-26: DALLAS/State Fair of Texas, Tower Building
Texas Rangers
October 4-31: HALLSVILLE/ First State Bank of Hallsville
Texas Women: A Celebration of History
November 5-13: AUSTIN/Capitol Rotunda
To Stand Alone: A Gallery of Texas Originals
October 1-31: BEEVILLE/ Bee County Western Week and Beeville Junior
College Library
Treasure, People, Ships and Dreams
Through October 23: SNYDER/Scurry County Museum
Through December 10: AUSTIN/Austin Children's Museum
October IS-November 15: UNIVERSAL CITY/Kitty Hawk Junior High
11
Calendar of Events
Check the list below for upcoming events and activities of interest at The Institute of Texan Cultures and other University
of Texas institutions in San Antonio.
October
October 3-4, 10 a.me5 p.m.: Texas Lace
Day - Members of the Alamo Bobbin
Lacers share their skills with displays,
demonstrations and special presentations
of lacemaking.
October 6-November 15: New Spain: The
Frontiers of Faith - Tracing the first cen­tury
of Hispanic and Indian life in New
Spain, this exhibit includes 20 panels
from the Thomas Gilcrease Institute of
American History and Art, Tulsa, Okla­homa.
The exhibit was produced by the
Texas Humanities Resource Center and
is on display in conjunction with the
October conference on the 18th century
origins of San Antonio.
October 16-November 30: Hispanic Settle­ment
in Texas: The First 150 Years -This
exhibit from the Texas General Land
Office highlights the Spanish and Mexi­can
contributions to the development of
the Texas land system. Using document
facsimiles - land grants, titles, survey
field notes, public proclamations, peti­tions
- and maps, the exhibit illustrates
the nature and extent of Spanish and
Mexican influence on land distribution
and policy. Also displayed in conjunc­tion
with the October conference.
October 17,8 a.m. to 3 p.m.: The 18th Cen­tury
Origins of the Tejano Community
of San Antonio - This public discussion
examines specific groups - Canary Is­landers,
the military community, mission
Indians, missionary friars and indepen­dent
Indian groups - as they related to
the institutions, politics, race, kinship
and economics of the developing com­munity
of San Antonio in the 18th cen­tury.
See related article page 1.
October 19, 7:30 a.m.-6:30 p.m.: Heritage
Study Tour to Temple and Salado -The
history and culture of Czech Texans is the
focus of this tour which will include stops
at the SP]ST Museum in Temple; the
Central Texas Area Museum, historic
village and Sterling Robertson Plantation
House in Salado; and lunch at the Stage­coach
Inn. Cost is $35 (Institute members
and guests only) including lunch. Con­tact
the Membership Office for more
information and reservations.
November
Through November 15: New Spain: The
Frontiers of Faith
Through November 30: Hispanic Settlement
in Texas: The First 150 Years
The above events and exhibits are subject to change.
December
December 5: Winter Holiday Extravagan­za
- This event is a special way to cele­brate
the holidays with good food and
exciting entertainment. Contact The
Institute for details.
Winter Preview
February: Afro-American History Month
Celebration - Details to be announced.
Teachers' TI-IN Note
The following Institute presentations
will be included in the TI-IN NETWORK's
schedule of upcoming programs. TI-IN is a
satellite transmission system which provides
resources to subscribing school districts
throughout Texas. For a complete list of
districts that subscribe, contact the TI-IN
NETWORK office at (512) 271-7611.
October 16, noon-12:25 p.m.: The One­Room
Schoolhouse - Student enrich­ment
program, grades 6-8.
November 20, noon-12:25 p.m.: Indians­Student
enrichment program, grades 6-8.
The University of Texas
Institute of Texan Cultures
at San Antonio
Nonprofit Organization
U.S. POSTAGE
PAID
San Antonio, Texas
Permit No. 364
Beryl Sonnenburg of the Alamo Bobbin Lacers de­voted
nearly six weeks to creating "The Lace Lady."
Sonnenburg, who learned how to make bobbin lace
while visiting her sister in her native England, will
show others how to make the beautiful fabric during
Texas Lace Day at The Institute, October 3 and 4,
sponsored by the Alamo Bobbin Lacers.
P.O. Box 1226
San Antonio, Texas 78294
CL YOE HESTEF:
14315 Oak Shadows
San Antonio, TX 78232