T E X A S
PASSAGES
Vol. V /No. l Winter /Spring 1990 The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio
The Computer and the Historian
by Jack Reynolds
As we enter the 1990's, it is becoming increasingly difficult to imagine our society without
computers. We encounter them, often unseen, when we book airline reservations, view
movies with special effects, or open our gas and electric bills. The computer will very
possibly exert as profound an impact on our civilization as did the printing press on the
16th century. Yet this is one tool that has largely eluded many historians, whether they
function as educators or researchers.
Until recently a major stumbling block for those who wished to make use of the tech­nology
was the problem of access; computers were prohibitively expensive, and they
functioned with an intimidating language and logic. These restraints have loosened in recent
years, as powerful microcomputers have become increasingly affordable and as the software
that runs these devices has been revised to make it more comprehensible to the uninitiated.
(continued)
(continued from page 1)
Unhappily, the computer is still seen by many histo­rians
as an esoteric, alien, and often unwelcome device
and college teachers have only partially adopted the tech:
nology. Yet the microcomputer is proving indispensable
in opening up whole new fields of research. Today it pre­sents
us with an opportunity to refine how we study his­tory
and how we teach it in our schools and communities.
"In the future we can expect
to see historians linked in a
nationwide system of electronic
mail, sharing information, , , ,"
Few historians took much notice when colleges and
universities first acquired their mammoth computer
facilities in the early 1960's. By the end of the decade,
however, a few pioneering "cliometricians;' as they were
sometimes called, recognized the computer's potential for
allowing them to analyze documents or data on a scale
hitherto unimagined. Censuses, ship manifests, election
results, slave inventories, and baptismal records that might
have required one or several lifetimes to compile and
study could now be processed with speed and accuracy.
With new sources to exploit, historians were soon posing
new questions for their discipline: Just how common was
upward social mobility in the United States? Was slavery
still profitable on the eve of the Civil War? How do we
account for the decline in birth or death rates across the
19th century?
The whole direction of historical enterprise since the
1960's, which has seen a mushrooming interest in "social
history" focusing on the lives of common people rather
than of the elite, made considerable use of the new tech­nology
to study humans in the mass. Assisting historians
in this effort has been a proliferation of databases stored
at universities around the nation, where information can
be almost instantly pulled off a tapf or disk and analyzed.
The analysis of data is still a relatively arcane science
among historians, entailing an understanding of probabil­ity
and statistics that few take time to master. Moreover,
much of this work was done on main frame computers
that were not especially friendly: they spoke in a pro­grammer
language that was hard for historians to speak
or decipher. The advent of microcomputers changed all
this: these machines worked with software that more
nearly resembled English and offered menus that greatly
assisted novices who wished to sort, sum, count, average,
or identify various records.
College teachers were much quicker to exploit the
computer's utility for word processing and for locating
primary or secondary sources or various types of infor­mation.
Many university libraries, like those affiliated with
The University of Texas System, are replacing their card
catalogs with on-line terminals which can locate books
using title, author, or subject. More and more indexes of
books, articles, and primary sources are produced in
machine-readable format, putting a wealth of materials
at the researcher's fmgertips.
The computer revolution is still in its early stages, and
current usage on college campuses hardly begins to take
maximum advantage of computer capacity. College histo­ry
teachers have made relatively little use of the computer
in the classroom, though more and more undergraduates
are being exposed to the technology. Video disks, com­bining
the ready access of the computer with high-quality
graphics (charts and graphs, maps, illustrations, and even
motion pictures), promise to make the classroom a more
stimulating environment. In the future we can expect to
see historians linked in a nationwide system of electronic
mail, sharing information and re\ iewing works in progress
and fmished books or articles, perhaps eclipsing profes­sional
publications.
Outside of higher education, in the elementary and sec­?
ndary ~rades , we have yet to see a comparable change
111 teachmg about the past. Although students in grades
K-12 generally are introduced to the computer early in
different disciplines, they rarely encounter it in the social
studies. Many teachers rightly complain that much of the
existing software designed for history and related disci­plines
is of limited educational value. There are several
reasons why this is so. First, much of it is not produced
by educators, but by programmers who have only the
vaguest notion of what goes on in the classroom or what
the educational goals or needs are. Second, the early
computers that schools had available to them (Apple 2-E's,
most commonly) were too primitive to do anything very
complex, such as manipulate a large body of data. Last
but not least, our schools have done an abysmal job in
assisting teachers to become acquainted with new tech­nology.
When a business acquires new equipment, it is
usually accompanied by training and support for the
personnel expected to use it; school systems, by contrast,
sink all their funds into hardware and expect teachers to
master it entirely on their own.
In most cases, software for the social studies comes
in the form of simulations or games which require little
more understanding of the computer's workings than the
average Nintendo game. These might quiz the user to
identify a historical frgure using a variety of clues ("He
(con tinued)
Texas Passages is published qua~terly by The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio
as an znformatlOn resource on subjects relatzng to Texas history and culture as well as current issues affecting
the state. Comments and suggestIons concernzng thIs publzcatlOn should be directed to the News and Information
Department, InstItute of Texan Cultures, P.O. Box 1226, San Antonio, Texas 78294, {512J 226-7651.
Editor: Dr. James C. McNutt, Director of Research and Collections
2
In this report you will read about the many activities, events, achievements,
and awards of the Institute staff and volunteers during fiscal year 1988-1989.
Their efforts are worthy of your notice. They worked hard and with dedication,
and we are proud of, and thankful for, them.
Their real value, however, is not reflected in mere statistics, but in the
reaction of those whom the Institute has served during the year. For example,
in a follow-up report to Bonnie Truax, Director of Educational Programs, a
teacher who attended the Institute's 1989 teachers' workshop recently wrote:
"When I began teaching four years ago, I went into the classroom with a
vision for myself and my students. The vision was then unfocused and blurred
by the stream of worksheets that teachers can so easily fall into. Your workshop
saved me and my students. Since studying with you, I am now teaching the way
I always knew in my heart I should teach. Thank you so much,"
These thoughts have been echoed many times, in many ways, during the
Institute's existence, and they clearly indicate its value to the people of Texas.
Even so, too few Texans are reached. My goal is to raise that number, and so,
during this year, plans were developed to substantially expand our reach. With
your support, these plans will become reality in the coming years.
) ....
J
\-
John McGiffert
Executive Director
TEXAS: YESTERDAY, TODAY, AND TOMORROW
In 1988-1989 The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio offered
educational opportunities to people from all over the world as it met its legislative charge
to be "a center concerned with subjects relating to the history and culture of the people of Texas:'
As a statewide learning and communication center, the Institute brings the story of Texas
to life for everyone to enjoy. Through its special events, exhibits, research, educational
programs, and products, the Institute celebrates the colorful multicultural heritage of our
great state and is one of its most unusual and precious assets. It is the conscious link between
the Texas of yesterday and today. And it is the educational resource of tomorrow.
VISITATION AND OUTREACH
This year the Institute of Texan Cultures shared
the state's heritage with 348,408 visitors.
This figure is down 8% from the previous fiscal
year and is partially attributable to the renovation
closure during January and February.
School Tours .............. . . 61,170
Adult Tours . .... . . .. . .. . . .. . 23,157
General Public .. .. . . . .. .. . . . 108,075
Special Events . .. .. ...... .. .. 37,881
Texas Folklife Festival
(including participants) ... . .. 118,125
However, thanks to the Institute's volunteer
force - the Alliance, our own staff, and the state­wide
Ambassador program, educational programs
were taken to 77,680 people in schools and commu­nities
throughout Texas. This was a 37% increase
over the previous year.
Outreach to Communities (adult groups) .. 8,029
Outreach to Schools ...... . . .. ... . .. . . . 69,651
2
EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS
Just what is a Texan? .. . This year the Educational
Programs staff continued to answer this "Texas-size"
question and teach the history of our great state and
its many cultures to visitors and students alike.
Ethnomusicologist Jim Fox performed folk music dur­ing
exhibit floor hours and also participated in
outreach programs.
On the exhibit floor, out on the "Back 40;'
through outreach programs, and in special public
programming, more than 300 docents assisted as
Texas students from preschool to college took part
in projects and tours designed to extend and rein­force
classroom instruction. In addition to regular
tours, the "Back 40" saw an increase in attendance
by large groups (400 or more) of 7th grade students.
Many of the teachers bringing these students are
past participants of teacher workshops.
This summer the "Back 40" was again open to
the public from 11 to 3 every day in June and July.
Historic interpretation was augmented by activities
designed to broaden knowledge of the lifestyle of
the people who settled Texas. Many children and
adults practiced writing with quill pens in the one­room
schoolhouse. Others made clay animals or
strung buttons on strings and practiced with these
old-time toys.
For the first time, the new adobe structure was
used for summer interpretations. Cindi Gonzales
built the horno and gave a baking demonstration
for Folklife Festival.
Teacher training continued to be a major endeav­or
for the Educational Programs staff and included
local and out-of-town advanced academic training
and in-service training sessions. Teacher candidates
3
from UTSA were trained by Educational Programs
staff members to use the ITC exhibit floor in prepar­ing
for fieldwork responsibility in model schools.
Plans were completed for a session of training
for 4th grade teachers at The University of Texas
at EI Paso in 1990. Social studies coordinators in the
three largest EI Paso school districts will support the
project by paying expenses for six teachers from
each district for this first year of the project. Other
participants will come from smaller school districts
and private schools. The workshops in San Antonio
filled quickly and turned away many applicants at
both 4th and 7th grade sessions. Teachers continue
to respond to questionnaires with great enthusiasm
for the content and methods learned from the Insti­tute
on Texas History and Culture workshops.
With the valuable support of our volunteers, the
outreach program to communities has increased dra­matically.
Volunteers took Tex-Kits to many schools
in Bexar County and around the state. Educational
Specialists appeared on TI-IN (interactive education­al
television) and gave presentations at many local
schools and organizations.
The Educational Programs staff orchestrated sev­eral
special events during 1989. Spooky Sunday in
October, Celebrate Texans in February, and Pioneer
Sunday in May attracted thousands of visitors to
the Institute.
Cindi Gonzales demonstrated adobe-brick making for
the 1989 teachers' workshop.
RESEARCH AND COLLECTIONS
The Research and Collections Department was
actively involved in about 50 projects throughout
the year.
Institute research attempts to maintain and in­crease
available information about the history of
established ethnic and cultural communities across
the state and to learn more about the new and
evolving communities. More emphasis is now being
placed on conducting new research on recent
immigrants, for example, the Vietnamese.
The ultimate aim of the research is to further
public knowledge about ethnic and cultural com­munities
in Texas. Making photographs available
from the Institute's collections is one important
means of accomplishing this. Through publications,
audiovisuals, and scholarly programs, Institute
research also reaches a variety of audiences. Special
exhibits sponsored by the Institute make the resour­ces
and collections of other institutions more acces­sible
as well.
RESEARCH PROJECTS
Some of the many projects in research during
1988-1989 include-
New Publications: The Indian Texans
The Lebanese and the Syrian Texans
Audiovisuals: From the Ground Up: West Texas
Adobe videotape
Programs: Tejanos and Rebellion in Texas,
1770-1836 (symposium, March 11)
Bowie Street Blues (April 23)
Remembering Johnny Banks (April 30)
Traveling Exhibits: The Houston Riot and Court­Martial
of 1917 (Research for this exhibit was
contributed in cooperation with the Carver
Community Center.)
The 18th Century Origins of the T ejano Commu­nity
of San Antonio
Oral History: In March Esther MacMillan received
an Award of Merit in the J.c. Penney Golden Rule
Awards Cultural Category for her volunteer effort
in managing and sustaining the Institute's Oral His­tory
Program. During the year, in addition to her
regular work, she also produced an index to the
Institute's oral history project, "Small Town Texas:'
The Photo Collection: Karnes City Photo Heritage
Day was May 18, and ITC staff members traveled
to that town to present a special Photo Day at the
public library and to copy additional photographs
4
The City of San Antonio proclaimed Johnny Banks
Day as Executiv e Director John R. McGiffert presented
Mrs. Banks with a proclamation from the Mayor.
for the ITC collection. The Alamo Area Council of
Governments and the Karnes County Historical
Commission assisted in the program.
Tom Shelton completed the initial cataloging of the
Zintgraff Collection, and new cold-storage facilities
for the photo collection were completed.
STAFF PUBLICA nONS
Dr. Jerry Poyo coauthored, with Dr. Gilberto M.
Hinojosa of UTSA, an article, "Spanish Texas and
Borderlands Historiography in Transition: Implica­tions
for United States History;' Journal of American
History 75:2 (Sept. 1988). Jerry also published a
book, "With All, and for the Good of All": The
Emergence of Popular Nationalism in the Cuban
Communities of the United States, 1848-1898 (Dur­ham:
Duke University Press, 1989).
Dr. Thomas Guderjan coauthored The Indian
Texans pamphlet with Carol Canty. He also pub­lished
several articles, including "Maya Maritime
Trade and Sources of Obsidian at San Juan, Amber­gris
Cay, ,Belize;' Journal of Field Archaeology
16:3:363-69 (with James F. Garber et a1.), and "An
Archaeological Reconnaissance in Northwestern
Belize;' MexIcon 11:4:65-68.
LECTURES AND OTHER PRESENT A nONS
Members of the Research Department made pre­sentations
at meetings of the International Confer­ence
of Museums, the American Folklore Society,
the American Studies Association, the Southwestern
Conference on Latin American Studies, the South
Texas Archaeological Association, the Texas Asso­ciation
of Museums, the Texas Folklore Society, the
Texas State Historical Association, the Western His­tory
Association, the American Association for
State and Local History, and the Society for Ameri­can
Archaeology.
INTERN PROGRAM
Interns and former interns were directly involved
in the production of the West Texas Adobe video­tape
(Michael Stone and Tim Davis), the Texas
Fibers and Fabrics Exhibit/Interpretive Area (Jane
Parker)' and the Texas Folklife Festival.
HONORS AND AWARDS
Dr. James McNutt
Director of the Texas Folklore Society
Susan Harwell
Board member of the Texas Association of
Museums Curators' Affinity Group and a Member­at-
Large of the TAM Council
Artist George Nelson put the finishing touches on the
final Indian mural, depicting a Lipan Apache village.
5
Al Lowman
President of the Texas Folklore Society and a
board member of the Texas Humanities Alliance
and of the Texas Center for the Book
Patrick McGuire
serves on the State Capitol Collections
Advisory Committee
Dr. Gerald Poyo
completed a Fulbright Fellowship to Argentina in
October 1988
Entrance to the Circle "R" Guest Ranch near Medina,
Texas (Zintgraff Collection)
RESEARCH IN PROGRESS
The Research Department provides the content
for the Institute's productions, including publica­tions,
exhibits, educational activities on the "Back
40;' and audiovisuals. Currently the Research De­partment
is working on these major projects:
Vietnamese in Texas, 1975-1988
Dog-trots in East Texas
Spanish Colonial Period
Various archaeological sites
Alabama-Coushatta Indians
Shelby County of East Texas
Italian Texans
Carl Hertzog, printer
Hungarian Texans
Exhibit floor projects included a new histowall
with revised exhibit in the Swedish area and a new
exhibit on Texas fibers and fabrics with a spinning
and weaving interpretive area. Muralist George
Nelson continued his work on the murals in the
Indian-Texan exhibit area, while the German area
was refurbished and the Greek area revised.
-- ,
Tony Lott posed next to his portrait and told visitors
about a day in the life of a cowboy during the Cryin'
for Daylight exhibit at the Texas Folklife Festival.
SPECIAL EXHIBITS
During 1988-1989 the Institute presented nine
special exhibits in its galleries, in addition to creat­ing
or refurbishing five ethnic displays on the ex­hibit
floor.
Special exhibits included:
The Art of Asking: Altars and Yard Shrines
in the Texas-Mexican Community
August 30-0ctober 16
Sweden and America, 1638-1988:
A History Celebrated
October 2S-December 11
The Civilian Conservation Corps and
Texas State Parks
February 14-March 9
Seize the Moment: Selected Photographs from
the Collection, 1989
February 14-April 2
VIA Children's Poster Exhibit
May 16-May 28
Black History I Black Vision:
The Visionary Image in Texas
April 11-June 11
Cryin' for Daylight
June 20-September 30
6
Of renda, El Dia de los Muertos (Day of the Dead Altar)
Dr. August Herff and his sister, Victoria Herff Heard,
stand next to the Seize the Moment title photo in
which Dr. Herff appears and which Mrs. Heard
photographed in 1911.
SPECIAL EVENTS
This little pumpkin had a good time decorating her
jack-o'-lantern during the Hc.lloween festivities on
Spooky Sunday.
HERITAGE TOURS
During 1988-1989 the Institute hosted six Heri­tage
Tours to various interesting historical sites
around the state.
Castroville and Kerrville, October 22
This trip visited the Landmark Inn in Castro­ville
and included a walking tour of the town and
lunch at the Alsatian restaurant. In Kerrville the
Cowboy Artists of America Museum, the Hill Coun­try
Museum, and the restored Victorian mansion of
Alsatian pioneer Captain Charles Schreiner were
visited by the tour participants.
Fredericksburg, December 10
The "Kristkindl Markt," a re-creation of a cen­turies-
old German tradition, and the Gillespie Coun­ty
Historical Society's Candlelight Tour of Homes
were the features of this tour.
Austin, February 25
This was an exciting visit to the capitol complex
and other sites and museums within the Austin area.
7
The Inst itute presented a variety of special events
in fiscal year 1988-1989, including exhibit openings;
lectures; workshops; and dramatic, ethnic, and
musical presentations.
In its 18 years the Texas Folklife Festival has
become a Texas tradition. The Institute's largest
learning event was enjoyed by 118,215 visitors, par­ticipants,
and volunteers. The Festival continues to
thrive and provide Texans with a special place to
celebrate their customs, foods, and crafts.
Other special events that attracted thousands of
visitors to the Institute included Pioneer Sunday on
the "Back 40"; a Halloween Spooky Sunday; a post­remodeling
event, Celebrate Texans; Bowie Street
Blues during Fiesta; the Grand Prix during Labor
Day Weekend; the T ejanos and Rebellion in Texas
symposium; the opening of Black History, Black
Vision; the panel discussion and lecture, Remem­bering
Johnny Banks; and the Winter Holiday Festi­val,
to name only a few.
The Special Events Department coordinated
many events, including lecture luncheons, seminars,
continuing education classes, public hearings, senior
citizens' meetings, teleconferences, U.S. Department
of Immigration naturalization ceremonies, Bexar
County Historical Commission meetings, Girl Scout
badge workshops, Graduate Builders' conferences,
ethnic group meetings, teachers' classes, and rentals
of the exhibit floor for special parties.
The Independence Trail, April 7-8
This two-day tour explored the German heritage
of Central Texas and followed the Texas Indepen­dence
Trail. Henkle Square, Winedale, Washington­on-
the-Brazos, Independence, Chappell Hill, and
Brenham were among the stops.
Fredericksburg and Enchanted Rock, March 27
This tour journeyed north to Fredericksburg and
visited the Nimitz Museum, then continued on to
Enchanted Rock, where adventurous souls among
the group climbed to the top. Afterward, a delight­fulluncheon
was served at Jim Doyle's Ranch, where
everyone enjoyed the spectacular scenery.
The Ramses II Exhibit in Dallas, June 6
Institute Research Associate Dr. Thomas Guder­jan
led this trip to the Ramses II exhibit in Dallas
and delivered a pretour lecture.
• 1
DEVELOPMENT
The Development Program matches institutional
needs with potential donors ' interests to produce
partnerships. From these flow donations for proj­ects,
programs, products, an expanded support base,
and the opportunity for hundreds of Texans annu­ally
to participate in the Institutes accomplishments.
As part of The University of Texas System, the
Institute receives appropriated funds. Tax monies,
however, pay only for some 70% of its salaries, 95%
of utilities and building and grounds maintenance,
and only about 5% of programs and projects costs.
The Institute must raise and earn more than half of
its annual operating budget. Gifts, grants, and dona­tions
are therefore a vital revenue source for many
Institute programs and projects which would not
otherwise be possible.
RECORD CASH DONA nONS
Monetary donations supporting Institute pro­grams
and projects totaled $383,012 for the year,
the highest figure in the Institute's history. They in­cluded
Associate Membership revenue of $39,165,
the highest in five years. The value of noncash gifts­in-
kind was $59,154, bringing the grand total to
$442,166. That amount was second only to last
year's grand total, which was bolstered by the value
of two large gifts of historical photographs.
CUL TURAL HERITAGE ENDOWMENT
The largest gift in Institute history, a $177,953
grant from the Edwina and 0. Scott Petty Charitable
Trust of the San Antonio Area Foundation, was
received to establish a permanent endowment to
augment the Institute's fund base. Upon approval
by the Board of Regents of The University of Texas
System, the Cultural Heritage Endowment will be
established. Interest from the endowment will un­derwrite
research, educational programming, pub­lishing
of books, construction of static and traveling
exhibits, and other programs, projects, and services
of the Institute. Three individual gifts totaling $1,150
for the endowment were also received.
ALLIANCE ENDOWMENT /
EDUCA nONAL OPERA nONS
. The Alliance Endowment, which supports Vol­unteer
Programs, received 23 donations totaling
$445. More than $6,000 went to support Educational
Operations, the gifts ranging from $3.50 to $5,000
received from USAA for educational programming
on the "Back 40:' Donations came from USAA, the
Academy for Educational Development, the Girl
Scouts, several schools and school districts, the San
8
Antonio Area Council of English Teachers, and
various individuals.
The Phillip Morris Management Corporation
provided $12,300 to match funds previously given
by a member of the Development Board and her
husband, for the Institute on Texas History and Cul­ture,
our annual teachers' training program.
SPECIAL EVENTS
Funds received for special events and projects in­cluded
AT&T sponsorship of the Celebrate Texans
exhibit opening ($3,000), the Halo Distributing
Company underwriting of the Bowie Street Blues
concert and poster ($5,400), and $973 donated for
the Winter Holiday Festival and other special events
by H.E.B. Grocery Co., San Antonio Shoes, Inc., La
Quinta Motor Inns, St. Stephen's Church, the Bexar
County 4H Council, and several individuals.
For the second consecutive year, the Institute and
the Rotary Club of San Antonio leased shaded areas
on the Bowie Street berm for viewing of the Labor
Day Weekend Grand Prix. The berm rental and food
and beverage concessions provided on the grounds
for race spectators netted more than $14,000 each
for Institute programs and Rotary charities. At the
end of the fiscal year, arrangements were far along
for similar activities in September 1989.
HUNGARIAN TEXANS
The Hungarian Texans project, which will fea­ture
a book and an exhibit on the Institute's main
exhibit floor, was assisted by $10,582 in grants and
gifts from the Texas Committee for the Humanities
the Minnie S. Piper Foundation, the San Antoni~
Hungarian Association, the Houghton Miffiin Com­pany,
and an anonymous donor. A Hungarian dul­cimer,
valued at $4,500, was donated by a member
of the Institute's Advisory Board.
OTHER RESEARCH AND LIBRARY PROJECTS
The Amy Shelton McNutt Trust granted $2,000
in honor of Mr. Stewart e. Johnson, a member of
the Institute's Development Board. These funds were
earmarked for library microfilming projects. The
American Association of State and Local History
granted $2,500 for research on Vietnamese in Texas,
the J.e. Penney Company provided $500 for the
Oral History Program, and the City of San Antonio,
through its arts and cultural program, gave $5,670
for Tejano and historical photograph projects.
USAA provided a generous gift of $20,000 for a dog­trot
log cabin, which will be constructed on the
"Back 40:'
Memorial and remembrance donations are used
primarily to buy books for the Institute's Research
Library. The Texas State Historical Association
($150) and 24 individuals gave $715 to that fund.
PUBLICA nONS
Institute publications were supported by
$15,535, including $6,000 from the Scurlock foun­dation
for the recently published Texans: A Story
of Texan Cultures for Young People, $6,000 from the
University of Texas Chancellor's Council, $2,000
from the Amy Shelton McNutt Trust in honor of
Stewart Johnson, and $1,000 from a local business­man
for a forthcoming revision of The Texas
Rangers book.
The Spanish Ministry of Culture donated $1,600
to help publish a name index to the Bexar Archives,
and the Japan America Society of El Paso sent $60
to help defray publishing costs of The Japanese
Texans pamphlet. Husband-and-wife members of
the Institute's Development and Advisory Boards
gave $2,875 to print The Indian Texans pamphlet.
HERTZOG AND JAIL ART PROJECTS
The Robert E. and Evelyn McKee Foundation
and the Eugene McDermott Foundation donated
$2,000 and $1,000 respectively in support of the Carl
Hertzog project, which will document the life and
works of the famous Texas printer. Two individuals
gave $600 toward a program to display art taken
from the walls of the old Bexar County Jail.
NANO BALL FUND
AND THE TEXAS FOLKLIFE FESnV AL
The Nano Ball Pioneer Area Fund, which will
support educational programs in the Institute's "Back
40" outdoor display area, grew by $365. The goal
is to expand the fund into a permanent endowment.
Dollar gifts ranging from $5 from a constituent
in Phoenix, Arizona, to $10,000 from a local corpor­ation
to publish the Folklife Festival Visitor's Guide
amounted to $12,160 in cash for the Festival and an
additional $37,773 in gifts-in-kind. These included
salt pork and lard ($30) from the Roegelein Provision
Co.; coal and steel for the blacksmith's demonstra­tions
($500) from Alamo Iron Works; the TFF poster
reception sponsored by the Marriot Riverwalk Hotel
($4,000); drinking water ($3,700) dispensed at the
Festival by Utopia Water Co.; groceries ($350) from
Gordon Southtex; and beef and beef fat ($200) from
H.E.B. Grocery Co.
Other major gifts-in-kind included H.B. Zachry
Co. electricians ($6,325); a safe-ride-home program
9
($10,000) sponsored by PacifiCare Insurance, VIA,
radio station KKYX, and the San Antonio Light;
beverages ($3,000) from the Coca Cola Bottling Co.;
flour and corn meal ($600) from Pioneer Hour Mills;
animal pens, gates, and tanks from Kallison's Farm
& Ranch; pagers provided by Metric Media Paging
Services ($365); and pens, rubber bands, and other
materials ($820) from San Antonio Savings.
Refreshments and beverages valued at $5,380
were donated by Halo Distributing, Mission City
Beverage, Crain Distributing, GLI Distributing, Van
de Walle Farms, Karam's Mexican Restaurant, Cater­ing
By Rosemary, West Coast Produce, Royal Street
Crossing, Mission Ice, and the Menger Hotel.
Paper products, straws, towels, napkins, invita­tion
printing, poster framing, and other goods and
services were given by the Christopher Columbus
Society, Fabric Warehouse, Travis Wholesale Flor­ists,
the Texas Highway Department, Nancy Harkins
Stationer, Newell Salvage, Art Incorporated, Lone
Star Printing Co., and Century Paper Company.
OTHER GIFTS-IN-KIND
Donated artifacts and other objects included two
flags from the German Consul General, a chrono­meter
and barometer, a $1,400 replica of a pumping
unit from the Fina Oil & Chemical Co., dental
equipment, and a pot, pitcher, and iron planter.
Advertising-related gifts amounted to $10,840,
consisting of billboard display space from Reagan
Outdoor Advertising ($9,450), an advertisement in
Our Kids Magazine sponsored by H.E.B. Grocery
Co. ($440), and an advertising balloon provided by
the Skyview Company ($950).
UNRESTRICTED GIFTS
The Houston Endowment, Inc., gave $20,000;
H.E.B. Grocery Co., $1,000; and Development
Board members and other individuals, Wray Chari­table
Trust, Roland and Jane Blumberg Foundation,
Tesoro Petroleum, and Chevron U.S.A., Inc., match­ing
funds rounded out the total of $25,050 in discre­tionary
funds.
FOR INFORMATION
For further information about the Development
Program, the various needs of the Institute, and how
you can help, please contact the Development
Office, (512) 226-7651, Ext. 234, or write:
The Institute of Texan Cultures
P.o. Box 1226
San Antonio, Texas 78294
j i
II ,
I
I
I I
,I
PUBLICATIONS AND AUDIOVISUALS
During 1988-1989 the Institute sold 9,489 copies
of its various publications, 1,277 posters, 499 film­strips,
and 731 slide shows and videos.
The Institute's latest publication is The Indian
Texans pamphlet written by staff member Dr.
Thomas Guderjan and his associate Carol Canty.
It is a newly researched edition, which traces the
history of Native American groups that lived in
Texas from 12,000 years ago up to the present day.
A revision of The Lebanese Texans and the Syrian
Texans pamphlet by staff member James Patrick
McGuire also was published. This informative study
traces the history of these Arabic-speaking
immigrants from their arrival in Texas about 1880.
The newest video production, From the Ground
Up, is a 27-minute VHS which explores the tradi­tions
and lifestyles of many Mexican-American
families living along the West Texas border, who,
through changing times, still choose adobe for their
housing. This production explores the warmth and
cultural richness of living within adobe walls and
is part of the Institute's adobe project, directed by
Dr. James C. McNutt, which includes the replication
of a late 19th century adobe dwelling on the "Back
40:' Also new this year is The Texas Story: Theirs
to Tell, Ours to Share. This video was produced to
provide our ambassadors or anyone representing the
Institute with a concise orientation. It illustrates the
part ITC plays as a research, education, and com-
TRA VELING EXHIBITS
The Institute reached thousands of people in 53
cities across Texas and in Florida through 166 book-ings
of traveling exhibits; . .
Over a quarter of a million people saw Institute
traveling exhibits during 1988-1989. Of these, 55,000
were schoolchildren in elementary, middle, and high
schools. Museums and historical centers throughout
Texas displayed ITC traveling exhibits to more than
38,000 visitors, while colleges and libraries exhibited
them to an additional 30,000 people. These exhibits
reached almost 68,000 people in shopping malls,
chambers of commerce, and city halls; .banksdis­played
them to another 7,000. New traveling exhibits
include The 18th Century Origins of the Tejano
Community of San Antonio and a mini-traveling
trunk, One-Room Schoolhouse.
One of our exhibits, Treasure, People, Ships,
and Dreams spent several months on display in
Pensacola, Florida.
10
munication center whose mandate is to help Texans
better understand and appreciate their differences
and the elements that tie them together. A shorter
version of this video has been specially adapted to
aid in fund-raising efforts.
Echoes of the Past: The Cowboy Poetry of Mel­vin
Whipple, a cassette recording of original poems
recited by working Texas cowboy Melvin Whipple,
was selected as Outstanding Folk Recording by the
American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress.
Interior of adobe dwelling, West Texas, 1989
In fiscal year 1988-1989 the 28 traveling exhibits
produced by the Institute visited these cities:
Alief Greenville Seguin
Angleton Houston • Spring
Arlington Huntsville Stafford
Austin Kerrville Terrell
Bay City La Marque Texas City
Bellaire League City Tyler
Brenham Leander Uvalde
Brownsville Longview Victoria
Brownwood Lubbock Waco
Carrollton Lufkin Wichita Falls
Conroe McAllen
Corpus· Christi ' Mesquite
. Crockett Palestine
Crowley Plano
Dallas Port Arthur
Edna Port Lavaca
Farmers Branch Quinlan
Freeport Richmond
Ft. Bliss Rockdale
Ft. Worth Round Rock
Goliad San Angelo
I
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VOLUNTEER PROGRAMS
The Alliance and the Ambassadors are volun­teer
forces that bring to life Texas history and cul­ture
within the Institute and throughout the state.
ALLIANCE
The Alliance continued to be one of the most
successful volunteer organizations in Texas. Manag­ers
of volunteers from the Houston Museum of
Natural Sciences and the Valentine Museum in Rich­mond,
Virginia, visited the Institute to study our
program in order to assist them in revitalizing theirs.
The Sam Houston Memorial Museum of Huntsville,
the statewide organization of Food Banks, and the
Texas Parks and Recreation organization requested
Alliance staff presentations concerning the effective
management of volunteers. St. Mark's Episcopal
Church, a historic San Antonio landmark, asked for
assistance in establishing a docent program and
training for new volunteers.
The Institute volunteers made many of our pro­grams
possible. They worked behind the scenes, on
the exhibit floor, on the "Back 40;' and at schools
and organizations throughout Bexar County and the
state. Volunteers assisted in the Development, News
and Information, and Research departments. They
cataloged photo negatives, updated library files, pro­vided
tours, and interpreted special areas on the
exhibit floor. They contributed to the success of
many special events, including the Texas Folklife
Festival, where more than 300 Alliance members and
30 junior docents filled numerous critical positions.
Training sessions on a number of exhibits were
conducted for the volunteers throughout the year.
The primary docent training, held 12 mornings in
September and October, qualified 32 people to be­come
new members. The weekend docent training
in March graduated an additional 21 volunteers.
During 1988-1989 more than 400 volunteers do­nated
47,356 hours. This is the fourth consecutive
year in which they have given more than 45,000
hours - a truly remarkable achievement.
AMBASSADORS
The 199 Ambassadors continued as vital links
between the Institute and its statewide constituency
by representing us in various ways within our com­munities.
More than 9,000 students and adults
benefited from Tex-Kit presentations given by a
number of Ambassadors, and thousands of State
Fair visitors learned about the Institute through the
craft demonstrations and public relations work of
11
others. For the third year Ambassadors continued
to support the "Small Town Texas" oral history
project by identifying interview subjects and provid­ing
lodging and meals for the traveling interviewers.
Almost 150 interviews have now been completed or
are in progress.
Ambassadors distributed over 25,500 pieces of
Institute and Texas Folklife Festival promotional ma­terials
throughout the state, clipped newspaper and
magazine articles for our research files, donated
books and other documents, helped coordinate Her­itage
Tours, and identified new participants for the
1989 Texas Folklife Festival.
The first Community Tex-Kit Workshop, held in
January, was attended by 16 Ambassadors, who
learned how to conduct research and gather artifacts
to assemble Tex-Kits unique to the history of their
individual communities.
The annual Ambassador Appreciation was held
in May, and 32 were present as all 199 members
were honored for their efforts. The attendees then
participated in workshop sessions for the remainder
of the day.
Docent Dave Jones interprets different aspects of cow­boy
life to a group of students out a ll the "Back -l0 ."
. I
PUBLIC RELATIONS AND PROMOTIONS
During 1988-1989 the Departments of News and
Information and Marketing continued to apply pub­lic
relations and promotional concepts effectively to
reach our many and varied audiences.
The News and Information Department provid­ed
support for virtually every exhibit, special event,
public program, reception, and activity, including
the Texas Folklife Festival, throughout the year. This
support was composed of press releases, fact sheets,
calendar information, public mailers, and active
relations with local, state, and regional media. The
success of Institute activities, as measured by media
coverage and attendance, reflects the contribution
of this department.
The Department of Marketing continued in its
commitment to optimum promotion of Institute
endeavors and in its charge to inform various publics
of available services and products. Attendance at
educational conferences and seminars promoted
publications and services to specific users such as
schools and libraries. This effort was expanded at
the State Fair in Dallas.
Other promotion included public service adver­tising
and book listings in various catalogs, as well
as distribution of our own catalog, which featured
ITC services and products, such as the new Texans:
The Story of Texan Cultures for Young People.
Survey research conducted by student interns
and staff during various events provided valuable
information about ITC visitors. In addition, the
Marketing Department directed souvenir and poster
promotions during the Festival, where record sales
closed out the fiscal year!
John McGiffert honors UTSA President and Mrs.
James W Wagener with a certificate of appreciation.
PERSONNEL AND PHYSICAL PLANT
Staff members and volunteers continued to pro­vide
dedicated and enthusiastic support for all In­stitute
functions and activities.
During 1989 a new insurance carrier assumed the
responsibility for administering the employee benefit
plan, and a new program was introduced to provide
tax savings for employees on personal funds spent
for medical costs.
A number of major renovation projects were ac­complished
in the building throughout the year. A
large conference center and classroom complex with
state-of-the-art audiovisual equipment was com­pleted
on the upper level of the building.
Other projects included installation of a larger
temperature- and humidity-controlled photo storage
facility, upgrading of the fire alarm system, and in­stallation
of top-quality carpeting in all public areas.
Physical Plant staff erected all shade, electrical
wiring, booths, and staging for the Texas Folklife
Festival and the annual Grand Prix. In addition, the
custodial staff and other plant personnel supported
722 daytime functions and 97 major evening events.
Seven of the evening events included more than SOO
people in attendance. Also, the audiovisual staff pro­jected
the Faces and Places of Texas to audiences in
the Dome Theater more than 2,000 times!
The Dome Theater on the exhibit floor contains 210
screens and is the only one of its kind in the U.S.
12
PRODUCTION SERVICES
The Production Department produces the ex­hibits,
publications, and audiovisuals initiated in the
other Institute departments.
The Production team is composed of skilled pro­fessionals
in exhibit and publication design and pro­duction:
designers, ~binetmakers, photographers,
silk screener, editor, typesetter, printer, audiovisual
specialists, and exhibit installers. In addition to In­stitute
projects, in fiscal year 1988-1989, they de­signed
and produced all display furniture, text pan­els,
labels, etc., for the new Texas Maritime Museum
in Rockport, as well as the traveling exhibits His­panic
West Texas for Texas Tech University and
Texas Rural Women for Texas A&M University, an
exhibit for The University of Texas Health Center
at Tyler, an exhibit for the City of San Antonio to
display in Kumamoto, Japan, and signage for LBJ
State Park and Amistad Lake State Park. The editor
and typesetter prepared the manuscript of The Bexar
Archives (1717-1836), which was a cooperative pub­lication
with the University of Texas Press.
FINANCIAL SUMMARY 1988-89
Junior Galvan, Exhibit Installation Supervisor, wet­mounts
photos for one of several exhibits produced
during the year.
REVENUE EXPENDITURES
A State
2.000.000 REVENUE
$1 ,840,823 40.28% $2,283,367 49.65% 1,800,000 Appropriations
1,600,000
B Local Income $183,990 4.03% 1.400,000
1,200,000
C Sales and
$360,134 7.88% $538,497 11.71% 1,000,000
Services 800,000
Folklife Festival, 600,000
D Store, Parking $1,673,877 36.63% $1 ,586,728 34.50% 400,000
Facilities 200,000
0
E Public and Private A D E F G
Voluntary Giving $383,012 8.38% $157,917 3.43%
F Interest Income $88,590 1.94% 2.400,000
2,200,000
G Endowment $39,079 0.86% $32,757 0.71% 2,000,000 EXPENDITURES
Income 1,800,000
1,600,000
Total Current 1, 400,000
Revenues / $4,569,505 100.00% $4,599,266 100.00% 1,200,000
Expenditures 1,000,000
800,000
Expenditures Greater than Revenue ($29,761) 600,000
400,000
200,000
a
A B C E F G
13
. I
J
SENIOR STAFF
Dr. Hans Mark
Chancellor, The University
of Texas System
Dr. James w. Wagener
President, The University of Texas
at San Antonio
Lt. Gen. (USA ret.) John R. McGiffert
Executive Director
Mr. Robert G. Brodeur
Business Manager
Mr. Arthur M. Bernstein
Chief, Institute Police
Ms. Leslie K. Burns
Director of Audiovisual Productions
Col. (USAF ret.) Hubert C. Moore
Director of Development
Mrs. Berneice E. "Bonnie" Truax
Director of Educational Programs
Mr. Robert B. Fitts
Director of Fabrication
Mr. William H. Austin
Ms. Janie L. Denton, effect. 7/89
Director of Marketing
Mrs. Jocelyn M. Eckerman
Director of News and Information
Col. (USA ret.) William D. Wooldridge
Director of Personnel
Mr. Jerry Kusenberger
Director of Physical Plant
Mr. David P. Haynes
Director of Production
Dr. James C. McNutt
Director of Research and Collections
Ms. Jo Ann Andera
Director of Special Events/
Texas Folklife Festival
Mrs. Sally J. Wiskemann
Director of Volunteer Programs
THE BOARD OF REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SYSTEM
Top. left to right: Tom Loeffler. Robert 1. Cruikshank, Jack S. Blanton. Mario E. Ramirez. M.D. .
Shannon H. Ratliff. WA. "Tex" Moncrief Jr. ; bottom: Sam Barshop. Louis A. Beecherl Jr. , Bill Roden
OFFICERS
Louis A. Beecher! Jr., Chairman
Sam Barshop, Vice-Chairman
Bill Roden, Vice-Chairman
Arthur H. Dilly, Executive Secretary
14
MEMBERS
Shannon H. Ratliff
WA. :'Tex" Moncrief Jr.
Tom Loeffler
Robert J. Cruikshank
Mario E. Ramirez, M.D.
Jack S. Blanton
DEVELOPMENT BOARD
Members of the Development Board re­view
Institute programs in need of funding
to assist in identifying sources of funds, gifts,
and in-kind services, and assist in solicitation
of funds from foundations, corporations, and
individuals. Development Board members
also aid in membership drives in their com­munities
for the Associates Program.
Mrs. Claudia Abbey Ball
Comstock and San Antonio
Mr. Bob Brinkerhoff
Houston
Mr. Jean William Brown
Houston
Mr. J.P. Bryan Jr.
Houston
Mr. Robert A. Buschman
San Antonio
Mr. James T. Doyle
Fredericksburg
Lt. Col. (ret.) George Ensley
San Antonio
Dr. Sterling H. Fly Jr.
Uvalde
Mr. Alex H. Halff
San Antonio
Mr. Reagan Houston III
San Antonio
Mrs. Elizabeth Hutchinson
Bethesda, Maryland, and Palestine
Mr. Stewart C. Johnson
San Antonio
Mr. Earl Jones
Brownfield
Mrs. Jean Kaspar
Shiner
Mr. Ballinger Mills
Galveston
Dr. Dan C. Peavy Jr.
San Antonio
Mr. O. Scott Petty Sr.
San Antonio
Mr. Scott Petty Jr.
San Antonio
Mr. Richard Potter
Gilmer
Miss Josephine Sparks
Corpus Christi
Mrs. Ruth Sterling
Houston
Mr. Richard Triska Jr.
Houston
Mr. Patrick Hughes Welder
Victoria
Mr. David A. Witts
Dallas
Mr. William P. Wright Jr.
Abilene
ADVISORY BOARD
Members of the Advisory Board assist
and advise the Executive Director concerning
overall functions and operations.
Mrs. Raye Virginia Allen
Washington, D.c.
Mr. Michael J. Balint
San Antonio
Mr. Z.D. Bonner
Austin
Mrs. Ann Brinkerhoff
Houston
Mrs. Dolph Briscoe
Uvalde
Miss Catherine N. Cooke
San Antonio
Mrs. Dorothy Doyle
Fredericksburg
Mr. Gerry Doyle
Beaumont
Mr. Howard Gutin
San Antonio
Mr. Clyde Johnson Jr.
San Antonio
Mr. Jack R. Maguire
Fredericksburg
Mrs. Judy Newton
Austin
Mr. Herbert Petry
Carrizo Springs
Dr. William Reider
Austin
The Hon. Chris Victor Semos
Dallas
Mrs. Fred Stefan
Fredericksburg
Dr. Ron Tyler
Austin
Ambassadors
Mrs. Paul Abat
Hous ton
Dr. Francis E. Abernethy
Nacogdoches
Mr. Stanley Addington
Raymondville
Mrs. Lem Allen
Luling
Dr. Doris Anderson
Hous ton
Mr. Mike Andrews
Pampa
Mrs. Sydna Arbuckle
Elgin
Mr. Brick Autry
Dimmitt
Mr. and Mrs. Robert L. Bailey
Huntsville
Mr. O.T. Baker
Austin
Mrs. Geraldine Bakke
Iredell
Mrs. Yancy Barnhart
Pearsall
Mrs. Elizabeth Battle
Houston
Mrs. Janelle Baumbach
. Victoria
Mr. Doug Seich
Arlington
Mr. Larry L. Bowles
Brownsville
Mrs. Delbert Brewster
Andrews
15
Mr. and Mrs. Bob Brinkerhoff
Houston
Mr. and Mrs. Jean W. Brown
Houston
Mrs. Randy Brown
Greenville
Mrs. Mattie Duckens Browne
Temple
Mrs. Lawrence L. Bruhl
Llano
Mr. and Mrs. Doyle Bryant
Texas City
Dr. Rita S. Bryant
Tyler
Mrs. Robert G. Campbell
South Padre Island
Mrs. Joseph A. Chambless
Beeville
Mr. Carlos Chavez
EI Paso
Mr. Atlan M. Citzler
La Grange
Mr. Bill Clark
Nacogdoches
Mrs. Glenn Coates
Floresville
Mrs. Jim Copeland
Ballinger
Ms. Rose M. Crowell
Bandera
Mr. Enrique De la Garza
Laredo
Mr. John de la Garza Jr.
Dallas
Mrs. Mattie Dellinger
Center
Mrs. Tom E. Dent
EI Paso
Mr. and Mrs. Mike Dietert
NetV Braunfels
Mr. Gerry Doyle
Beaumont
Mr. Robert J. Duncan
McKinney
Mrs. Wild ring S. Edwards
Bluffton
Mrs. Stephanie Evans
Killeen
Mrs. Patty Farmer
Junction
Ms. Ivanne Parr
Meridian
Mr. and Mrs. H.H. Felsted
Wimberley
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Fleming
Nederland
Mrs. H.M. Ford
Iredell
Mrs. Margaret Ann Foster
Mt. Pleasant
Mr. Drew Franklin
Palestine
Mrs. Annie Fuller
Pittsburg
Mr. and Mrs. Roger W. Garrison
Utopia
Mr. Sam Gerald
Harlingen
Mrs. Alice K. Gerfers
Boerne
Mrs. Jack E. Gingrich
Seguin
Mr. H.L. ·Bud· Gober
Brady
Mr. and Mrs. Harry Gray
Alvin
Mrs. Sarah L. Greene
Gilmer
Mr. Arnold Griffin
Devine
Mr. Rennie Guenther
New Braunfels
Mr. and Mrs. William T. Gunn
Austin
Ms. Susan Gutierrez-Gomez
Driscoll
Mrs. James J. Haag Jr.
Llano
Mr. Dwight W. Hall
Lindale
Mrs. Joe C. Hanna
Breckenridge
Mr. David L. Hartman
Beaumont
Mr. Shaun M. Heavey
Alto
Mrs. Jack Hedge
Lake Dallas
Mr. Ernest Herron Jr.
Santo
Mr. and Mrs. James Hickman
Uvalde
Mr. and Mrs. Delmar Hiller
Hunt
Mr. and Mrs. David E. Hoard
Wichita Falls
Mrs. Franklin Hoerster
Mason
Mr. Jerry Hogue
Floresville
Mr. Eddie Holland
Kerrville
Mrs. Merle R. Hudgins
Hungerford
Ms. Norma Jardin
Spring Branch
Miss Karen Jentsch
Arlington
Mr. Mike Jentsch
Fort Worth
Mrs. RH. Jones
Groves
Mrs. Jo Carrol Jones
Clifton
Mr. and Mrs. Edward J. Kadlecek
New Braunfels
Mrs. Jean W. Kaspar
Shiner
Mrs. Rita Kerr
San Antonio
Mr. and Mrs. Carl D. Kirk
HetVitt
Mr. Guich Koock
Austin
Dr. James B. Kracht
College Station
Mrs. Janet D. Krolczyk
Houston
Mr. and Mrs. Travis Kuykendall
Uvalde
Mr. and Mrs. Ted LaCaff Jr.
Midland
Mr. Burnis Lawrence
Hondo
Ms. Linda Lea
Austin
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Leo
Austin
Mrs. Kenneth Lester
Port Lavaca
Mr. Charles Loving
Round Rock
Mr. Sam A. Maglitto
Bay City
Mr. Jack Maguire
Fredericksburg
Mrs. Cora Maldonado
Dickinson
Ms. Judy Meador
San Angelo
Mr. and Mrs. Howard R. Milstein
Longview
Mrs. Yvonne Mizell
Mt . Pleasant
Mrs. Toni Morrell
San Antonio
Dr. Kenneth Muckelroy
Tyler
Mrs. W. Ben Munson IV
Denison
Mrs. Rebecca Narramore
Sherman
Mrs. B.K. Neel Sr.
Menard
Ms. Kit Neumann
Austin
Mr. and Mrs. Francis E. Parks
Weimar
Mr. Paul Patterson
Crane
Mrs. Dorothy Patton
Crockett
Mr. Herb Petry
Carrizo Springs
Dr. Jeri Pfeifer
Abilene
Mrs. Mary Ann Philmon
Lufkin
Mrs. Jjmmie R. Picquet
Kingsville
Mr. Jack Pirtle
Reklaw
Mr. Tom Purdum
New Braunfels
Mr. Eric Ramos
Kingsville
Mrs. Ralph Randel
Panhandle
Mr. William J. Ratterman
Houston
Miss Rosemary Richey
San Antonio
Mrs. John R. Rising
Alice
Mrs. Becky Rivers
Bastrop
Ms. Claudia Robinson
Dallas
Drs. Beverly and Tom Rodgers
Irving
Mrs. Bert Rossignol
Blanco
Mrs. Geneva Rossignol
McAllen
Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Salazar
Texas City
Ms. Christine Moor Sanders
Woodville
Mr. Ruben M. Santos
Waco
Mrs. Walter Sargeant
Schertz
Mr. Hubert C. Schmidt
Midland
Mrs. Charles Sebesta Jr.
Caldwell
The Hon. Chris Victor Semos
Dallas
Mr. Hal A. Siros
EI Paso
Mr. Calvin B. Smith
Waco
Mrs. Terri Smith
Tyler
Mr. and Mrs. Walter G. Smith
De Soto
Mr. H. Martin Soward III
Corpus Christi
Mr. Ernest Speck
Alpine
Ms. Jenny Stanfield
The Woodlands
Mr. James B. Stephen
Sonora
Mrs. Jack Stovall
San Marcos
Mrs. Ann Miller Strom
Kyle
Mrs. Charles B. Suehs
Castroville
Mr. and Mrs. Alvin Sueltenfuss
Boerne
Mr. Fred Switzer
Taylor
Dr. B.F. Tatum
Ballinger
Mr. Bob Thaxton
Seguin
Mrs. Norma June Thompson
Elgin
Mr. Richard A. Thompson
San Antonio
Mr. and Mrs. Robert H. Thonhoff
Karnes City
Ms. Toni Turner
Austin
Mrs. Ross Vick
Dallas
Judge Henry H. Vollentine
Gonzales
Dr. Patricia Wallace
Waco
Ms. Margaret T. Waring
Comanche
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Watkins
Comfort
Mrs. Nancy Lou Webster
Elgin
Mr. Erich Wendl
Corpus Christi
Mr. Josiah Wheat
Woodville
Ms. Betty Wheeler
Lubbock
Ms. Mildred White
Livingston
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Wilkerson
Pleasanton
Mr. and Mrs. David Wilkerson
Pleasanton
Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Williams
Austin
Mr. and Mrs. V.T. Williams
Navasota
Mrs. Jane Wilmer
Salado
Mr. and Mrs. Don Wisener
Alpine
Mrs. Joanne Witschorke
Marion
Mrs. Mary Wofford
Houston
Mr. G. Preston Woodrome
Freeport
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Yarbro
Alpine
Mrs. Emilie Zinsmeister
Boerne
Mr. Mike Zwan
Tyler
Associates
Founding Members
Judge and Mrs. T. Armour Ball
Mr. and Mrs. Tom A. Billings
Mr. Jack S. Blanton
Mr. and Mrs. Bob Brinkerhoff
Mr. Charles C. Butt
Mr. and Mrs. Bob R. Dorsey
Lt. Col. (ret.) and Mrs.
George H. Ensley
Mr. and Mrs. Alex H. Halff
Hearst Foundation, Dr. Robert Frehse
Mr. and Mrs. John Henderson
Mr. and Mrs. Hal Hillman
Mr. K.B. Holmes Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Reagan Houston III
Mr. and Mrs. Everett Hutchinson
Mrs. Jean W. Kaspar
Brig. Gen. (ret. ) and Mrs.
Robert F. McDermott
Mr. and Mrs. R.W. McKinney
Lt. Gen. (ret.) and Mrs.
Sam Maddux Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Dan Meyer
Mr. and Mrs. E.W. Moran
Mrs. Vernon F. Neuhaus
Mr. and Mrs. O. Scott Petty Sr.
Mr. and Mrs. Scott Petty Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Herman Pressler Jr.
Mr. Tom Purdum
Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Shelton
Mr. and Mrs. Howard R. Sluyter
Miss Josephine Sparks
Mr. and Mrs. Fred M. Stefan
Mrs. Walter G. Sterling
Brig. Gen. (ret.) and Mrs.
Coulter R. Sublett
Mr. Richard L. Triska Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Patrick H. Welder
Mrs. Wesley West
Mr. and Mrs. John H. White
Mr. and Mrs. David A. Witts
Mrs. H.B. Zachry Sr.
Mr. and Mrs. J.w. Zintgraff Jr.
Patrons
Mr. Michael Balint
Mr. and Mrs. Z.D. Bonner
Mr. and Mrs. J.P. Bryan
Mr. and Mrs. Robert R. Dorsey
Mr. and Mrs. James T. Doyle
Mr. Fred Lepick
Mr. and Mrs. B.J. McCombs
Mr. and Mrs. Warren H. Roberts
Benefactors
Mr. and Mrs. Robert A. Buschman
Mr. and Mrs. Bartlett Cocke Sr.
Frost Family of Banks
Dr. and Mrs. Dan C. Peavy Jr.
Semmes Foundation,
Mr. Thomas R. Semmes
Maj. Gen. (ret.) and Mrs.
Carl W. Stapleton
The Mac Stringfellow Family
Mr. and Mrs. William P. Wright
Sustaining Members
Mrs. George W. Abbott
Mr. and Mrs. H.K. Allen
Mr. Paul Allen
Mrs. William H. Arlitt
Dr. Raymond G. Armstrong
Mr. and Mrs. William D. Balthorpe
Mr. and Mrs. Langdon Barher
Misses Dorothy and Pauline Barlow
Maj. Gen. J.M. Bennett
Lt. Gen. (ret.) and Mrs. A.w. Betts
Ms. Eliza H. Bishop
Mr. and Mrs. Hayden L. Boland
16
Mr. and Mrs. Clifton J. Bolner
Brig. Gen . and Mrs. Julius H. Braun
Dr. and Mrs. Alfred Breuer
Mr. Curtis E. Calder
Mr. and Mrs. Gilbert Carvajal
Mr. and Mrs. Martin F. Casey
Mrs. Patrick F. Cassidy
Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Cheever Jr.
Miss Betty J. Collins
Mr. and Mrs. Don Comuzzi
Convention Coordinators
Mr. Charles G. Cox
Mr. W.H. Crain
Mrs. J. Rorick Cravens
Maj. Gen. (ret. ) Albert B. Crowther
Mr. and Mrs. Frank P. Cunningham
Mr. and Mrs. Harold R. DeMoss
Mr. Michael Dietert
Mr. and Mrs. A. Baker Duncan
Mr. C. Cameron Duncan
Mr. and Mrs. James D. Falbee
Col. and Mrs. W.P. Francisco
GPM life Insurance Co.
Mr. Gordon W. Friedrich
Miss Gloria Galt
Mrs. Frances W. Gembler
Mr. L.P. Gilvin
Grand Lodge of the Order of
the Sons of Hermann
Ms. Carol B. Greenlee
Mr. and Mrs. David M. Gudzikowski
Mr. C.c. Gunn Sr.
Mrs. Inez M. Guthrie
Mr. Howard D. Gutin
Mr. Richard C. Halter
Mr. William T. Hammond
The Harding Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Roane Harwood
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Hausser
Mr. Harold D. Herndon
Jack Howard Associates
Mr. and Mrs. M.M. Hughes Jr.
Mr. Sherwood Inkley
Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Johnson Jr.
Mrs. Lyndon Baines Johnson
Mr. and Mrs. Stewart C. Johnson
Mr. and Mrs. A. Earl Jones
Ms. Constance J. Jones
Mrs. F10y Fontaine Jordan
Mr. and Mrs. Richard King III
Mrs. Quincy Lee
Mr. William N. Lehrer
Dr. and Mrs. Charles J. Lerner
Mr. Bernard Lifshutz
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur M. Lilley
Mr. Lance Livingston
Mrs. Hugh Bourke Lowery and Family
Mr. and Mrs. George M. Luhn Sr.
Mr. and Mrs. Aaron Mandel
Mr. and Mrs. H.w. Marschall
Mr. Earl M. Marshall
Ms. Anne V. Martt
Mr. Wilbur L. Matthews
Mr. and Mrs. c.L. Maurer
Mr. and Mrs. Oswin P. McCarty
Mr. Marion R. McClanahan
Mr. and Mrs. Holland McCombs
Mr. and Mrs. G. Sealie McCreless
Lt. Gen. (ret.) and Mrs. J.R. McGiffert
Mrs. Vera S. McGonigle
Mrs. Mary K. Moore
Mr. and Mrs. Clifford E. Morton
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas J. Moulder
Mr. and Mrs. Travis M. Moursund
Mr. and Mrs. Dennis H. Murphree
Natural Bridge Caverns
Mrs, Amanda H. Ochse
Mr. and Mrs. Russell I. Oppenheim
Mr. and Mrs. Frederic J. Oppenheimer
Mr. and Mrs. Richard S. Potter
Mr. and Mrs. Robert B. Price
Dr. and Mrs. Gordon H. Pumphrey
Mr. Jeffery M. Quick
Dr. Wayne Rahe
Mr. and Mrs. Patrick H. Reagan
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Reed
Jim and Katie Reed
Mr. and Mrs. Allen Richards
Mr. and Mrs. Edward S. Ring
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Rips
Mrs. Nancy Smith Ritch
Mr. David H. Roe
Lt. Col . and Mrs. George O. Rogers
Mr. Orval A. Slater
Mr. Earl E. Smith
Mr. and Mrs. J. Burieson Smith
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Smith
South Texas Contract Maintenance
Mr. Billy R. Stephens
Mr. and Mrs. Marshall T. Steves Sr.
Mr. and Mrs. Garvin Stryker
Mr. and Mrs. Louis H. Stumberg
Mrs. Eilleen Crain Sullivan
Mr. Robert B. Sunderland
American Security Life Insurance Co,
Dr. and Mrs. Edwin M. Sykes Jr.
Mrs. Philip K. Thomas
Mr. S.E. Thomas
Ms. Shirley L. Thompson
Mr. and Mrs. Frank R. Watkins
Dr. and Mrs. Robert V. West Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Earl H. Wischer
Mr. and Mrs. William P. Wright
Dr. and Mrs. J. Wells Young Jr.
Miss Linnie C. Young
Family Members
Mr. Kenneth R. Albert
Lt. Col. (ret.) Robert A. Alger
Mr. and Mrs. Clark D. Anderson
Mr. and Mrs. Steven Arronge
The Jesse Austin Family
Dr. and Mrs. Lou R. Baeten
Bishop and Mrs. Scott Field Bailey
Mr. and Mrs. Travis D. Bailey
Mr. and Mrs. Holmes Bennett
Col. and Mrs. Leo E. Bergeron
Robert E. Best and c.J. Jurrens
Mr. and Mrs. Albert M. Biedenharn Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Bruce G. Bixler
Dr. and Mrs. Ronald B. Blackman
Dr. and Mrs. Roland K. Blumberg
Dr. and Mrs. Louis T. Bogy
Mr. and Mrs. L.E. Bolduc
Mr. and Mrs. Peter Bowman
Dr. Charles E. and Ruth J. Brady []]
Dr. and Mrs. Harold Brannan
Ms. Olive N. Brewster
Gary and Carol Bricken
Col. and Mrs. John W. Browning
Lt. Col. and Mrs. George S. Buchanan
Col. and Mrs. H.E Buerschinger
Mr. and Mrs. James H. Buffum
Mr. and Mrs. E.G. Burges
Ms. Ruth S. Canales
Mr. and Mrs. John C. Carey
Mr. and Mrs, George Carmack
Mr. and Mrs. Raymond E. Casillas
W.E Castella and Associates
Mr. and Mrs. Drew Cauthorn
Mrs. Niles Chubb
Ms. Stephanie Clay
Mr. Bruce E. Clepper
Dr. and Mrs. Glenn Coates
Mr. and Mrs. Melvin D. Cohen
Mrs. A.C. Coleman
Mr. and Mrs. Aubrey Connolly
Ms. Catherine Nixon Cooke
Mr. and Mrs, Taliaferro Cooper
Mr. and Mrs. John T. Crone []]
Mr. and Mrs. George P. Crutsinger
Mr. A.B. Cruz Jr. and Family
Col. and Mrs. R. Jerald Culhane
Ms. Susan. Cunningham and
Mr. Kenneth Nichol
The Henry Curbello Family
Mrs. Price Daniel
Mr. Thomas D'Arcy
Mr. and Mrs. Claude F. Davis
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph M. Dawson Jr.
Ms. Mary Ann DeArmond
Col. (ret.) and Mrs. Carl B. De Nisio
Mrs. Lucia L. Derrick
Andy and Nancy Diehl
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph A. DiQuinzio
Mr. Byron H. Dooley
Ms. Sue Doty
Mr. and Mrs. Gerry Doyle
Mr. Tom Dreis and Family
Mrs. John Drysdale
Mr. and Mrs. Ira Duffield
Dr. and Mrs. E.D. Dumas
Mr. and Mrs. Edwin A. Durham 11
Mr. and Mrs. Albert Engel
Mr. and Mrs. Middleton S. English
Mr. and Mrs. J.W. Erler
Dr. and Mrs. William M. Erwin
Mr. and Mrs. Kip M. Espy
The Evans Family
Mr. and Mrs. N.K. "Doc" Farmer
Mr. and Mrs. H. Herbert Felsted
Mr. and Mrs. H.B. Fidanque
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Fitzsimons
Mr. and Mrs. William R. Flaitz
Mr. and Mrs. Horst G. Fleck
Mr. and Mrs. George I. Fleet
Mr. and Mrs. William P. Foster
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas P. Fox
Col. and Mrs. W.P. Francisco
Dr. J.H. Frederick
Brig, Gen. and Mrs.
Arthur L. Friedman
Mr. and Mrs. Lee S. Garrett
Mr. and Mrs. Claude E. Geter Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Henry Gilchrist
Mr. and Mrs. Larry Goodman
Dr. and Mrs. Arthur E. Grant
Dr. and Mrs. David P. Green
Mr. and Mrs. Fred C. Groos
Mr. and Mrs, Cosmo F. Guido
Gen. (ret.) and Mrs. R.E. Haines Jr.
Mrs. Linda J. Hanan
Mr. and Mrs. Earle B. Harben
The j. Joe Harris Family
Mr. and Mrs. William M. Harris
Mr. Hatsuyo Hawkins
Japan America Society of EI Paso
Mr. and Mrs. James L. Hayne
Mr. Mark S. Heep
Dr. and Mrs. Ri chard D. Heimbach
Mr. and Mrs. A. Chris Heinrichs
Mr. and Mrs. Harold Henk
Cheryl and James Henzen
Mrs. August F. Herff Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Ron Herrmann
Mr. and Mrs. Carl E. Hitchcock
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Hitz
Drs. Lois Bready and Jos. Holahan
Mr, and Mrs. Forrest Horecka Sr.
Gen . and Mrs. John C. Horton
Col. and Mrs. Robert J. Hoss
Mr. and Mrs. R. Cecil Jackson
Mr. and Mrs. TF. Jackson Jr.
Rabbi and Mrs. David Jacobson
Mr. and Mrs. Carl G. Jockusch
Mr. John S. Jockusch
Mr. and Mrs. A.R. Johnson
Ms. Josephine Simmang Jones
Mr. and Mrs. Sam Joseph
The Robert A. Karam Family
Mr. and Mrs. George Keefer
Mr. and Mrs. Herbert D. Kelleher
Dr. and Mrs. Harmon Kelley
Dr. and Mrs. Jerry R. Kelley
and Family
Mr. and Mrs. Earle W. Kenyon
Mr. and Mrs. Stephen Kleberg
Mr. and Mrs. William Koehler
Mr. and Mrs. Elmer P. Koenig
Mr. and Mrs. Charles F. Krause
Mr. and Mrs. Arno W. Krebs Jr.
Rev. and Mrs. Greg Kronz
Mr. and Mrs. Robert F. Lacaff
Dr. Howard E. Lancaster Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Jack Lancaster
Dr. and Mrs. Larry B. Lanham
Mr. Paul A. Lechowick
Mr. and Mrs. William B. Lecznar
Gerald Wand Carolyn D. Lee
Dr. and Mrs. Glenn L. Lembke
Mr. Edmundo Avina Levy
Mr. James Ludlum
Mr. and Mrs. Henry R. Macina
Maj. Gen. and Mrs. Robert W Maloy
Mr. and Mrs. Clark R. Mandigo
Mr. and Mrs. B.J. Marazzini
Bebby and Arthur Marlin
Mr. and Mrs. J. Richard Marmion
Mr. and Mrs. Steven D. McAnally
Mr. and Mrs. Allen L. McDuff
The McGanity Family
Mr. WD. McMillan
Dr. Monty and Margaret McMinn
Mr. and Mrs. Albert M. McNeel Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Jean L. McPherson
Prof. and Mrs. Benjamin D. Meritt
Mr. and Mrs. Nelson D. Miller Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. Sanford A. Miller
Mr. and Mrs. Ballinger Mills
Jesse Minor and Susan Amini-Minor
Dr. and Mrs. John B. Moring
Mr. and Mrs. Oren A. Mulkey Sr.
Col. and Mrs. c.L. Munroe Jr.
Maj. Gen. and Mrs. Spurgeon Neel
Dr. and Mrs. Robert A. Neely
Frank and Patricia Nelson
Col. and Mrs. Frank M. Newman
The Negley Family
Dr. and Mrs. James D. O'Keefe
Col. (reL) and Mrs. William D. Old III
Mrs. Claire O. O'Malley
Mrs. Dan Oppenheimer
Maj . (ret.) Robert J. Parker Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Francis E. Parks
Mr. and Mrs. William E. Parish
Mr. and Mrs. Dav id B. Person
Mr. and Mrs. Van A. Petty Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. J.E. Pirie
The Polley/Kane Family
Mr. Chris Prickett
Col. and Mrs. Archie R. Reeves
Mr. and Mrs. William E. Remy
Mr. Phillip M. Renfro
Mr. and Mrs. Ard E. Richardson
Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Robinson
Mr. and Mrs. Paul A. Rode
Lt. Col. and Mrs. James D. Rogers
Mr. Charies H. Ruble
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Russo
St. David's Episcopal School
Mr. Stephen F. Schenk
Mrs. John G. Schmitz
Christa, Ernst. and Ernest Schoenfeldt
Rev. and Mrs. Edwar.d A. Schroder
Mr. and Mrs. Frates Seeligson
Mr. and Mrs. Josef Seiterie
Dr. and Mrs. Leonard H. Seitzman
The Serbantez Family
Mr. and Mrs. Edward D. Sethness
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Shipman Jr.
Jacqueline M. Shockley
Mr. and Mrs. Gene Shurley
Charies and Sandra Slater
Harold and Kathie Smith
Dr. and Mrs. ). Marvin Smith III
Mr. and Mrs. James B. Smith Jr.
Mr. and Mrs. Zavell N. Smith
Ms. Margaret R. Souby and
Jeremy O. Smith
Col. w.w. Southard Jr.
Lt. Col. (ret.) and Mrs. J.L. Spooner
Rabbi and Mrs. Samuel M. Stahl
Mr. A.R. Swanson
Mr. and Mrs. P.H. Swearingen Jr.
Dr. and Mrs. Peter C. Swenson
and Family
Mr. and Mrs. S.E. Swenson
Dr. and Mrs. Edwin M. Sykes
Mr. and Mrs. Joel Z. Taylor
Dr. and Mrs. Alex Thomas Jr.
Mrs. Lucie Wray Todd
Col. and Mrs. Jerry M. Totten
Mr. and Mrs. Foard Townsend
Dr. and Mrs. Lorence W. Trick
Mr. and Mrs. William Trieschman
Lt. Col. L.R. Tucker
Mrs. Inez Urbaneck
Dr. and Mrs. Alban Varnado
Mr. Hap Veltman
Mr. and Mrs. Paul Vitale
Mr. and Mrs. George J. Vizard
Mrs. J.o. Wallace
Mr. and Mrs. John K. Walters
Dr. and Mrs. Bruce H. Warren
Mr. and Mrs. Frank R. Watkins
Dennis and Pat Watts
Mr. and Mrs. Richard Weber
Mr. Rick Weed
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Wier
Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth R. Williams
Mr. and Mrs. Ellis M. Wilson
Dr. aF'd Mrs. Duncan Wimpress
Mrs. Frank Wolf
Dick and Mary Woods
John and Bea Wright
Jack and Fay Yarbro
Mrs. Edward J. York
John and Chica Younger
Mrs. H.H. Ziperman
Individual Members
Ms. Patricia Abbott
Ms. Mary A. Aird
Mrs. Norma D. Alexander
Mrs. Milton E. Alvis Sr.
Ms. Katherine Andera
Mr. Kyle N. Anderson
Mr. Alex Apostolides
Mrs. Burton W. Armstrong
Mr. Robert R. Ashcroft
Ms. M. Louise Attaya
Mrs. J.M. Aubey
Mrs. Barbara M. Averitt
Mr. Cleve Bachman
Ms. Candy Bagley
Dr. Amy Jo Baker
Mr. F.W Baker
Ms. Loreen Baker
Ms. Evelyn S. Barker
Mrs. Audrey C. Barkman
Mrs. Charles Barrera
Mr. Gary K. Bartay
Ms. Eve Bartlett
Mrs. Peggy Bayne
Mr. Nevin R. Beaver
Mr. Clyde L. Beissner
Mrs. Jackie Belcher
Mrs. C.H. Benckenstein Jr.
Mr. Charies R. Bender
Dr. Edward Allen Benson
Mrs. Eileen Berkowitz
Ms. Nell Bernhard
Maj. Gen. Robert Bernstein
Col. Earl J. Berryhill
Mrs. Trevia W. Beverly
Mrs. George M. Bevier
Ms. Barbara J. Bird
Miss Eliza H. Bishop
17
Ms. Charlene Blohm
Mr. Gary L. Boren
Mrs. L.T Botto
Ms. Nancy Bowen
Col. (ret.) I.E. Braddock
Brig. Gen. (ret.) Julius H. Braun
Mrs. Sheldon Braverman
Ms. Frances E. Bridges
Mrs. Jack H.U. Brown
Dr. Julie K. Brown
Ms. Pat R. Brown
Mr. Ralph Brown
Ms. Rose Mary Bryant
Mrs. Betty J. Burke
Mrs. Fern E. Burke
Lt. Col. Albert F. Burnett
Ms. Brenda Y. Burton
Mr. Russell C. Busby
Ms. Deborah Butt
Ms. Sarah Harte Buttery
Col. Ben M. Cabell
Ms. Nelda R. Cade
Ms. Betty Calvert
Mr. Salvador A. Campos Jr.
Ms. Ruth S. Canales
Mrs. Carol Canty
Dr. Tomas Birriel Carmona
Mr. Griffith C. Carnes
Dr. Robert L. Carr
Mrs. Bonnie C. Cassidy
Ms. Jane Wray Cassin
Mrs. Beatrice M. Castleton
Mrs. Audrey jane Castro
Mrs. Maria Arlete Castro
Mr. Stephen Catalani
Mr. Amado Cavazo.s
Mr. Scott E. Chakales
Col. William P. Chambers
Mr. Ciro Chittim
Ellen Gertrude Chovanec
Miss Sue Clark
Mr. William M. Cocke Jr.
Lt. Gen. (ret.) R.W Colglazier
Ms. Frances R. Condra
Dr. Gillian Cook
Mrs. Pat Cooksey
Mr. Ray D. Corbett
Mary Alice Craig
Mrs. Virginia M. Creed
Mrs. Cornelia E. Crook
Mrs. Dagmar Crowley
Mr. Clay C. Cunningham
Mr. Philip L. Cunningham
Gwen A. Currier
Mr. Virgil D. Currin
Mr. John H. Dalton
Ms. Kelly Danforth
Mr. Thomas G. Day Jr.
DeGolyer Library - SMU
Mrs. Estella De La Fuente
Mr. Enrique T. De la Garza
Ms. Virginia de la Zerda
Mrs. Carlos E. Del Rio
Conception Deluna
Mrs. Mary C. Den Bleyker
Me. Franklin W. Denius
Nancy L. Dial
Ms. Leticia Diaz
Mrs. Edward P. Dimmick
Mrs. James A. Dinwiddie
Mrs. Edna G. Donahue
Ms. Shirley C. Donahue
Mrs. Rosalie W. Doss
Mr. John I. Douglass
Mr. Patrick J. Dowd
Mrs. C.E. Draper
Mr. Burney W. Driscoll
Mrs. Shirley C. Driscoll
Mrs. Edward P. Droste
Faylene R. Drozd
Mr. Rick Dudley
Mrs. Betty C. Duke
Ms. Shirley C. Dunlap
Ms. Iris Dunn
EI Campo Museum
Mr. James Elliott
Mrs. Hugo T. Elmendorf
Ms. Jeanine B. Engberg
Marilyn J. Engelking
Mrs. Leon Engler
Ruth Ann English
Dr. Jimell Erwin
Ms. Marion S. Erwin
Ms. Helena K. Evans
Mrs. John J. Evans Jr.
Donald E. Everett, Ph.D.
Ms. Cynthia Farah
Mrs. Carolyn Farmer
Mr. Joseph M. Farrell
Mrs. Virgil W. Faulkner
Mr. Thomas C. Ferguson
Ms. Sheila G. Figueroa
Mr. J.M. Fitzgerald
Ms. Virginia Flanagin
Ms. Gayle Fleming
Mr. John N. Flores Jr.
Mrs. Maxine E. Flournoy
Mrs. Thomas W. Folbre
Ms. Barbara J. Ford
Mrs. O.E. Ford
Ms. Terri D. Ford
Ms. Nell Nations Forist
Miss Josephine Forman
Ms. Lasca C. Fortassain
Mrs. John H. Foster
Dr. J .H. Frederick
Mr. L.B. Frizzell Jr.
Ms. Mary Galle
Dr. Gilbert S. Garcia Jr.
Mrs. leRoy C. Gass
Mrs. Wanda Gatewood-Green
Mrs. Hannah Gayle
Miss Laura Geiger
Mrs. Frances W. Gembler
Ms. Mary W. Gifford
Mrs. Donelson Gillis Sr.
Mr. John R. Gilmore
Mrs. Lanette H. Glasscock
Mrs. Fritzi B. Goetter
Ms. Theresa G. Gold
Mr. Hilton Goldman
Mrs. Irma Gonzales
Ms. Lillian V. Gonzales
Dr. Joaquin B. Gonzalez
Ms. Yvonne M. Gonzales
Mrs. Martin W. Gordon
Dr. Ralph M. Graham
Donna B. Green
Lt. Col. (ret.) W.M. Greenberg
Cdr. (ret.) and Mrs. William Gregg
Mrs. Arthur S. Grenier
Mrs. Helen L. Grizzard
Mr. Leroy Grohman
Ms. Regina Gros
Mrs. William J. Grove Jr.
Mr. Manuel Guerra
Ms. Jane A. Hagelstein
Col. Frederick P. Hallsworth
Mr. Donald V. Hammond
Mr. Hall S. Hammond
Mr. Rigsby Hammond
Miss Marguerite Hammonds
Miss Lylie Hamner
Mr. Paul G. Hampton
Ms. Barbara B. Hanson
Mr. Robert D. Harper
Mrs. Myrl M. Hart
Susan L. Hartman
Mr. Louis A . Hartung
Mrs. Thelma Heinrichs
Mrs. G. Archie Helland
Mr. Hans R.F. Helland
Carolyn Hennessee
Mrs. Jane U. Henry
II
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Cheryl Henzen
Lt. Col. Aloysius Henzler
Mr. Paul K. Herder
Mrs. August F. Herff Jr.
Mr. Adolph C. Herrera
Ms. Shirley A. Hightower
Mr. B.N. Hilderbrandt
Ms. Caryl A. Hill
Mrs. Collins Hill Jr.
Mrs. Richard Hitzfeldt
Mr. Darryl G. Hoag
Mr. Homer J. Hodge
Ms. Martha Jean Hodges
Mrs. Lamar Hoehne Sr.
Ms. Helen Hogan
Mr. A.J. Hohman Jr.
Mr. Jack Howard
Mr. Merle Hudgins
Ms. Dolores Huerta
Mr. Solon D. Hughes
Mr. Bruce H. Humphreys
Ms. Alice Huss
Mr. Sherwood Inkley
Mr. Carl E. Isgren
Mr. Bernard D. Jackson
Mrs. Doyle Ross Jackson
Mrs. Frieda E. Jackson
Dr. Milton S. Jacobs
Mr. JT. Jaeggli Jr.
Ms. Lisa D. Jaffe
Mr. Ralph M. Jentsch
Mr. Roy A. Johlke
Mr. Patrick M. John
Mrs. Telise Johnsen-Broughton
Mrs. Roland T. Jones
Mrs. Jack Judson
Dr. Stephen Juhasz
Mr. Adam D. Justis
Mrs. Perry Kallison
Mr. Ike S. Kampmann Jr.
Mrs. Evelyn Kappler
Ms. Sylvia A. Karam
Ms. Lenore Karp
Mrs. Dorothy Keck
Ms. Kathy Keil
Mr. James v. Kemper
Mr. Harris L. Kempner
Mr. Colin Kennedy
Ms. Nancy N. Kerr
Mr. G.P. Kiel
Ms. Sherri Kilwien-Meck
Ms. Eleanor V. Klett
Dr. Charles D. Kline
Mrs. Mary Maude Kane
Mrs. Bonnie Korbell
Ms. Mary Hess Korth
Mr. Roy Kosaka
Ms. Carol Kosarek
Ms. Rosemary Kowalski
Mrs. Sharon L. Kurtti
Mrs. Bonnie G. Kuykendall
Mrs. Blair Labatt
Mrs. Weir Labatt III
Mr. Russell S. Lane
Mr. Richard A. Lange
Mrs. George J. Laughhead
Laurel Heights Methodist Church
Super Adults
Mr. Jerry Lawson
Mrs. Gerald Lebman
Mr. John Leeney
Mr. Pat Legan
Mr. Edmundo Avina Levy
Mrs. A. Liebscher
Mrs. Robert B. Lindberg
Mr. William C. Lipscomb
Mrs. William Rugeley Livesay
Mr. Lance Livingston
Mr. John R. Locke
Mr. John R. Locke Sr.
Mrs. George A. Loftis
Mrs. Virginia Lopez
Mrs. Joan B. Lyman
Ms. Winjfred D. Lyman
Mr. Theodore Mack
Lt. Col. Maxine Madden
Miss Peggy M. Maggard
Mrs. Marianne Malouf
Mrs. Barbara B. Mansel1
Ruth P. Manz
Mrs. Carole L. Mapes
Ms. Sylvia Ann Marcus
Mrs. Edna R. Martin
Col. John A. Martin
Mrs. Stanley Marsh III
Mr. Alvin J. Martin
Mrs. Judith L. Martin
Mr. Walter N. Mathis
John L. Matthews, M.D.
Mr. w.B. Matthews
Mrs. Argyle A. McAllen
Mrs. W.w. McAllister Jr.
Ms. Muriel R. McDonald
Ms. Catherine McDowell
Mrs. B.B. McGimsey
Ms. Wealtha Collins McGurn
Mrs. Henry H. McKee
Ms. Rebecca McKinney
Mr. Joseph W. McKnight
Mrs. Jane M. McMillan
Mr. Gerald Edgar McNett Jr.
E.A. Meeks
Mrs. HW. Meisch
Julia Mellenbruch
Ms. Kelsey Menzel
Ms. Bertha Merrell
Mr. Carl Mertens
Midway Independent School District
Mrs. lise Miller
Mrs. James L.M. Miller
Miss Dorothy Minten
Ms. Lucile Mitchell
Mr. R.L. Mitchell
Miss Gloria P. Moffett
Mrs. Elizabeth T. Mohle
Mr. Hilmar G. Moore
Mrs. Hubert C. Moore
Mrs. Joyce E. Moore
Mrs. Ellen L. Morgan
Mrs. William M. Morgan
Miss Henrietta Morris
Mrs. Basil Moss
Mrs. Margaret S. Moss
Mrs. Margaret M. Mueller
Mr. Roland O. Mueller
Mr. Michael M. Murphy
Mrs. Claude L. Nabers
Mr. Kenneth Nassau
Mr. Pleas C. Naylor Jr.
Mr. John R. Nelson
Mr. M.L. Nelson
Mrs. Frances Nestroy
Miss Marcia Neuhaus
Mrs. Virginia S. Nicholas
Ms. Alice Nixon
Ms. Lillian K. O'Brien
Ms. Patricia L. O'Connell
Mrs. Eleanor O'Gorman
Dr. Francis E. O'Neill
Ms. Gloria R. Oppenheimer
Mrs. Harris K. Oppenheimer
Mrs. Joyce c. Organ
Mrs. Verna B. Orr
Mrs. Ernestine H. Osbourne
Miss Mary Louise Ovenshine
Ms. Jo Ann Owens
Mr. David E. Pace
Mrs. James T. Padgitt
Doris B. Parker
Mr. Edward J. Parnell
Miss L.adie Jane Paschal
Mr. Charles G. Pate
Mr. Gilbert I. Patino Jr.
Mrs. Patsy A. Patterson
Mr. Ronald G. Paule
Mr. Tom E. Pawel
Miss Bessie M. Pearce
Miss Ruth Peebles
Dr. Roy A. Pennycuick
Mr. Edward H. Perrenot
Mrs. Louise C. Perrenot
Mrs. Leo Perron Jr.
Mrs. Mary Ann Perryman
Mr. Herb Petry
Mr. Fred N. Pfeiffer
Carroll Phillips
Mrs. Sandra Pickett
Mrs. George E. Pierce
Mrs. WiJliam Pitman
Mr. Scott A. Poage
Mr. J. Robert Poole
Mrs. Thomas J.R. Preston Jr.
Mrs. Mildred Priest
Ms. Mary E. Quinn
Mr. Ted HT. Reinsch
Dr. Robert J. Reyes
Ms. Alice Reynolds
Mrs. Curtis A. Richardson
Ms. Dorothy E. Richter
Ms. Gladys B. Ritter
Mrs. Chrystine Rivas
Mrs. Barbara G. Roberts
Mr. Ladd W. Roberts
Mrs. Thomas Robinson
Col. R.E. Rochfort
Ginger Rodriguez
Ms. Dorothy W. Rogers
Mrs. Gail Rogers
Rev. Claus· H. Rohlfs
Mrs. Kimberly A. Rose
Ms. Caroline A . . Ross
Mr. Robert S. Rosow
Mrs. Troy Rowe
Ms. Marisela Escoto Ruhl
Mrs. Roy Ruiz
Ms. Naomi Gray Russell
Mr. Dick Ryman
Mr. Sydney Sako
Mr. Noe Salinas
Ms. Christine Moor Sanders
Mr. R.L. Sanders
Mr. John L. Santikos
Mr. R.K. Saunders
Mr. Rudolf F. Scheffrahn
Miss Clara C. Scherrer
Ms. Jeanette Schroegler
Mrs. Dorothy T. Schuchard
Miss Margarete Schuette
Mrs. Sylvia Schwebke
Miss Alberta E. Scott
Mrs. A .A. Seeligson Sr.
Mr. Grover L. Shade
Mrs. Marjori J. Sharp
Ms. Hele~ B. Shaw
Ms. Camilla Shear
Dr. Kurt Sherick
Dr. D.J. Sibley
Mrs. Pat Sidebottom
Mrs. Ada Simond
Mrs. Harry J. Simpson
Mr. S.H. Simpson Jr.
Ms. Doris Slay-Barber
Mr. Ronald Stephen Sloan
Mrs. Lemuel J. Smith
Mrs. Margarete Smith
Mrs. Mia Smith
Ms. Penelope A. Smith
Mrs. Rogers Smith
Ms. Sarah Smith
Judge Adrian A. Spears
Judge Carolyn H. Spears
Patricia Lynn Spears
Mr. Ernest B. Speck
Mrs. Sheila J. Spiess
Ms. Janice Spoor
Mrs. Fannie D. Stanford
18
Ms. Robin Stanford
Mr. Harry V. Steel
Mrs. Cecilia Steinfeldt
Mr. William M. Stephens Jr.
Mrs. Lorelei Stewart-Mayer
Ms. Barbara E. Stieren
Mrs. Chris Stockwell
Ms. Ann Stone
Mr. Royce E. Stone
Mr. W.E. Stone Jr.
Mrs. O.M. Storlie
Mr. Bill L. Stratton
Ms. Mutzie Suehs
Sr. Elizabeth Anne Sueltenfuss, CDP
Ms. Carole Sutherland
Ms. Alethea E. Swann
Ms. Carolyn M. Swartz
Mrs. Albert M. Talbot
Mrs. John J. Taylor
Mrs. Helen B. Telfer
Mrs. Dulany Terrett
Mrs. Paul Terrill
Mr. Mark Thayer
Mr. Ralph B. Thomas
Mrs. Walter G. Thomas
Mr. Wayne S. Thomas
Mrs. Orville M. Thompson
Shirley L. Thompson
Mrs. Lucie Wray Todd
Mr. Lon W. Travis
Mrs. Ethel Lee Tracy
Miss Marcia Trefzer
Mrs. Sandi K. Trimble
Mrs. Mary Lewis Ulmer
Mr. Mark A. Urby
Mrs. O. Elliott Ursin
Mrs. Earline Valdez
Mrs. Vivian Vance
Ms. Mary Ellen Vann
Mrs. Bob Vetters
Ms. Mary M. Vivian
Dr. A.H. Voss
Dr. and Mrs. James Wagener
Ms. Barbara P. Wagner
Mr. Dan M. Walker
Mrs. Neill B. Walsdorf
Mrs. Dona L. Walston
Dr. R.L. Wascher
Mrs. A.K. Watt
Mrs. Carolyn Herndon Weed
Mr. E.L. Wehner
Mr. Richard G. Weil
Mrs. Lois B. Weimer
Col. (ret. ) George R. Weinbrenner
Mrs. Brian Weiner
Mr. Leo J. Welder
Mrs. Sara P. Wells
Mr. Erwin O. Wesp
Ms. Florine Weynand
Mr. S.H. Wheeler
Lt. Col. H.F. Wiatrowski
Ms. Teresa Wickham
Mrs. Barbara N. Williams
Janice K. Williams
Mrs. Harry Wilmer
Col. Harry A. Wilson
Mrs. Rosine M. Wilson
Ms. Linda Winchester
Mr. Edward L. Wiskemann.
LoisJ. Wolff
Mrs. Francis A. Woodbury
Mr. Wallace Woolsey
Mrs. Beverly J. Worth
Ms. Gerry Neal Yates
David C. Yoachum
Mrs. M.G. York
Dinah Zike
Miss Elizabeth Zogheib
Lifetime
Employee Members
(Honorary)
Mary S. Cervantes
William T. Field Jf.
Jack R. Maguire
Joseph A. Perry
Maudine R. Thatcher
Melvin Sance
Leonard R. Scotty
Selma Weiner
Cherryl Westerburg
Alliance
Mrs. Fritzi Abbott
Miss Dotty Acosta
Miss Denise Adame
Ms. Martha Alfaro
Mrs. Patricia Allen
Mrs. Natalie Aloe
Gen. Robert Aloe
Mrs. Lynette Alzapiedi
Mrs. Martha Anderson
Mrs. Leti Armstrong
Mrs. Rosalina Ascencion
Mrs. Elaine Bailey
Mrs. Ruth Bailey
Mrs. Joan Ballard
Mr. Sidney Ballard
Miss Clara Balzen
Ms. Virginia Barajas
Miss Katy Barone
Mrs. Alicia Barrera
Mrs. Aurora Barrera
Mrs. Delia Puig Barrera
Mrs. Rose Barry
Mr. Damon Bartlett
Mrs. Georgia Baskett
Col. Bob Beaudro
Miss Lea Beaudro
Mrs. Irene Benson
Mrs. Nina Better
Mr. William Biegert Jr.
Ms. Gloria Birdsong
Mrs. Virginia Bland
Mrs. Carol Bobby
Mrs. Kay Boles
Mrs. Carmen Bognar
Miss Rose Marie Bonenberger
Mrs. Martha Boswell
Mrs. Eugenia Bowden
Mr. Charles Brewton
Mrs. Marcella Brewton
Mr. Art Brock
Ms. Audrey Brown
Mrs. Mary Bukowski
Mrs. Fern Burke
Ms. Laurel Burks
Mrs. Merry Bliss Burnett
Mrs. Gloria Burns
Mrs. Mary Burrow
Col. Henry Bussey
Mr. Howard Cain, Jr.
Ms. Rowena Caldwell
Mrs. Minnie Campbell
Mr. William Campbell
Mr. Hardy Cannon
Mrs. Sarah Cannon
Mrs. Linda Carolan
Mr. Gilbert Carvajal
Mrs. Gwen Cassidy
Mrs. Dora Castleberry
Mrs. Rosalie Cerna
Miss Maria Cheung
Miss Bernadine Choren
Mrs. Arne Christenson
Mrs. Elvira Cisneros
Mr. Jeff Coffey
Mrs. Kitti Coffey
Mr. Byron Cole
Miss Betty Collins
Mrs. Eunice Collins
Mrs. Norma Coin
Mrs. Joyce Conn
Mrs. Virginia Cooper
Mr. Bert Copeland
Mr. Carlos Cortes
Dr. Emilio Cortes
Miss Mary Cox
Mrs. Evelyn Crow
Mrs. Dagmar Crowley
Mrs. Cleo Dalson
Ms. Genevieve Davis
Mrs. Margaret Davis
Mr. Walter Davis
Mr. Mario De Arza
Ms. Fran Degen
Ms. Virginia de la Zerda
Mrs. Beverly DiCamillo
Mr. Edgar Dillard
Mrs. Nelda Dillard
Lt. Col. Malcolm Dixon
Mr. Ron Dodson
Mrs. Rosalie Doss
Mrs. Susie Douglas
Mrs. Mickey Drown
Mr. Lawrence Duerson
Mrs. Rebecca Duncan
Mrs. Eleanor Dunsmore
Mrs. Marlena Dupre
Mrs. Patricia Ebner
Mrs. Ruby Edwards
Fr. Sean Egan
Mrs. Jean Eiler
Mr. w.w. Elley
Mr. Walter Fein
Mrs. Kathleen Finger
Mr. Norman Fink
Mrs. Kate Fleming
Mrs. Beverly Flood
Ms. Loretta Flores
Mr. Charles Flynn
Mrs. Sylvia Flynn
Mrs. Evelyn Forney
Mrs. Maree Forte
Mr. Ray Forte
Ms. Rita Fox
Mrs. Evelyn Friesenhahn
Mr. Henry Garcia
Mrs. Mary Louise Garcia
Mrs. Pat Garland
Miss Lorraine Garvey
Mrs. Frances Garza
Miss Janie Garza
Mr. Eugene Garza
Mrs. Margaret Gdula
Miss Bernice Gonzalez
Mr. Sam Granberry
Ms. Carol B. Greenlee
Mr. William Gregg
Mrs. lise Griffith
Mr. Bill Grim
Mrs. Regina Gros
Mrs. Ruth Groty
Mrs. Inez Guthrie
Ms. Alma Gutierrez
Mr. Henry Haag
Mrs. Avo Hadley
Ms. Margaret Hallberg
Miss Alvera Hamlyn
Miss Elizabeth Hamner
Mr. Ephraim Hansell
Mrs. Marcia Hanson
Mrs. Phoebe Hanson
Ms. Cora Harper
Mrs. Kolodzie Harper
Ms. Joyce Harris
Mr. William Harris
Mrs. Frances Harrison
Mrs. Jean Heard
Mr. Leon Hearn
Mrs. Barbara Heckmann
Mr. John Hedglin
Ms. Helen Henriksen
Miss Jerry Herron
Mr. Clyde Hester
Mrs. Fannie Hewitt
Mr. Jim Hidy
Mrs. Virginia Hill
Mr. Doug Holden
Mr. Robert Holdt
Mrs. Marjorie Holliday
Mr. Ralph Holloway
Mr. Leonard Horn
Mrs. Camilla Howe
Mrs. Nita Hubert
Mrs. Jean Huffman
Mrs. Jean Humble
Mrs. Jane Jackson
Mrs. Margaret Jameson
Mrs. Jerry Lee Johnson
Mrs. Bonnie Johnston
Mr. Dave Jones
Mrs. Mary Jones
Mr. David Keedy
Mr. William Kever
Mr. Kirk Keynon
Mrs. Alice Klein
Mrs. Mary Jo Klingeman
Mr. Wayne Knipe
Mrs. Louise Knodel
Mr. Wilbur Knox
Mr. Oris Koch
Mrs. Ingrid Kokinda
Dr. Ina Moodie Kopecky
Mrs. Diane Krenek
Mr. Jack Krezdorn
Ms. Mary Kruse
Ms. Margaret Lane
Mr. Russell Lane
Mrs. Dori Lappeus
Miss Lenke Larkin
Mr. David La Ro
Miss Leslie La Ro
Mr. William Lecznar
Mrs. Bernadine Lee
Mrs. Ellen Lee
Mr. Sidney Lee
Mrs. Dorothy Lehman
Ms. Guizelle Lehman
Mrs. Eddie Mae Lewis
Mrs. Mabel Leyda
Mrs. Mary Belle Lilley
Mrs. Mae Lively
Mr. George Loftis
Mr. Lee Lorenz
Mrs. Carol Loven
Ms. Lynda Lowin
Mrs. Claudine Loyd
Ms. Barbara Lutz
Mrs. Loe Lynne
Mr. Wesley Mabrito
Miss Connie Macias
Miss Mary Lou Macias
Mr. William Mac Daniel
Mrs. Esther MacMillan
Mr. Kenneth Magee
Mr. Howard Major, Jr.
Col. Hannah Sue Margolis
Mrs. Anne Marrou
Mrs. Gail Marsch
Mr. Dan Marshall
Mrs. Doris Martensen
Mrs. Jennette Martin
Mr. Joe Martin
Mrs. Jeanne Martinez
Mr. Robert Martinez
Mrs. Laura Matkin
Miss Leisa Matrone
Mrs. Blanche McCarthy
Mrs. Luz-Amelia McClellan
Mrs. Elsa McComas
Mrs. Katherine McDaniel
Mrs. Sue McDonald
Mrs. Norma McEntyre
Mr. Donald McEwan
Me. Milt McFarland
Mrs. Pat McGiffert
Me. William McNally. Jr.
Mrs. Faye McNierney
Mr. Robert Metcalf
Ms. Annabel Miles
Mr. J.D. Miller
Mrs. Judy Miller
Mrs. Marilyn Miller
Mr. Robert Miller
Mrs. Eva Milstead
Mr. Richard Miner
Mrs. Beth Mock
Mrs. Joan Mohler
Mr. Jesse Money
Ms. Cecilia Montalvo
Mr. Gary Moseley
Me. Oren Mulkey
Mrs. Marjorie Mungia
Mrs. Darlene Murnin
Mr. Sammy Nakedhead
Mrs. Mildred Naramor
Mr. Fred Nelson
Col. Frank Newman
Mrs. Tommye Newman
Mrs. Ana Newton
Mrs. Ellen Norris
Ms. Thelma Nungesser
Mrs. Karon O'Ferrall
Mrs. Jody Ogden
Mr. Bill Oliver
Mr. Norman Orloff
Ms. Julie Orosco
Dr. Helen Osborne
Mrs. Dorothy Otwell
Mrs. Marilyn Partin
Mrs. Fleta Payne
Mrs. Catherine Peiffer
Mr. Billy Perryman
Mrs. Candace Peterson
Mrs. Doris Phillips
Ms. Sylvia Phillips
Mr. Terry Pierce
Ms. Carole Pinder
Me. Louis Pistel
Mrs. Marilyn Pistel
Mrs. Denise Plested
Mrs. Jean Powell
Me. Lee Prado
Mr. Nathan Ratner
Mrs. Jean Reding
Mrs. Anna Revado
Ms. Linda Reyes
Mrs. Janie Riba
Mr. Oswald Riba
Mrs. Beatrice Richards
Mr. Steve Richards
Ms. Annette Richardson
Miss Rosemary Richey
Mrs. Frances Rios
Mrs. Barbara Rodgers
Miss Rita Rogers
Mr. George Paul Rollow
Mrs. Lady Ray Romano
Mrs. Toni Rossignol
Mr. Albert Russomano
Mrs. Josephine Russomano
Mr. Roger Sackett
Mrs. Ruth Sagebiel
Mrs. Ann Sahm
Mrs. Doris Sanders
Mr. Harold Sanders
Mrs. Janie Sargeant
Mr. Walter Sargeant
Mrs. Florence Saunders
Mr. Rudolf Scheffrahn
Mr. Brian Schill
Mr. Dan Schlosberg
Mrs. Hedda Schlosberg
Mrs. Bobbie Schmidt
Mrs. Elizabeth Schwartz
19
Mr. Herbert Schwencke
Mrs. Minnie Sczech
Mrs. Karen Sebesta
Mr. Ed Setterfield
Mrs. Beverly Sharp
Mr. John Shean
Mrs. Lucille Shean
Mrs. Joan Shearrer
Mrs. Georgeanna Shenk
Mrs. Paula Shropshire
Mrs. Helen Slattery
Ms. Ellanore Sledge
Mrs. lone Smith
Mr. Morrell Smith
Mrs. Sarah Smith
Miss Bernadette Solano
Mr. Joseph Solano. Jr.
Mr. R.B. Sosa
Ms. Edith Speert
Mr. Joseph Speier
Mrs. Lillian Speier
Mr. Richard Spies
Mrs. Ann Springer
Mrs. Louise Stapleton
Maj. Gen. Dana Stewart
Mrs. Elizabeth Stewart
Mrs. Magdalene Stillwell
Mr. John Stockton
Mr. James Swinning
Mrs. Mary Tabor
Mr. Nehemiah Taylor
Miss Estella Tenorio
Mrs. Ann Thomas
Mrs. Barbara Thomas
Mrs. Mary Jane Thompson
Ms. Eleanor Thomsen
Mrs. Betsy Thrift
Mrs. Ann Tibbets
Mrs. Frances Touby
Mr. Robert Touby
Mrs. Libby Trammel
Ms. Eva Trevino
Ms. Margaret Trevino
Mrs. Sandra Tucker
Mrs. Helen Valence
Mr. Jim Veale
Mrs. Juanita Veve
Mr. Ferd Vollmer
Mrs. Helen Vollmer
Mrs. Suzie Walker
Mrs. Beverley Wallace
Mrs. Bettie Ward
Mrs. Lucille Warren
Mr. Murray Warren
Mrs. Troy Warwick
Mrs. Lois Watford
Mr. Frank Watkins
Mrs. Lorraine Watkins
Mrs. Margaret Watkins
Mrs. Pat Watts
Mrs. Linda Webb
Mrs. Eleanor Weedin
Mr. James Wheeler
Miss Jane Whi taker
Mrs. Carmela White
Mrs. Tana White
Mr. John Whitney
Mrs. Melanie Whitney
Mr. Don Wigington
Mrs. Audry Williams
Mrs. Elizabeth Williams
Mrs. Jackie Williams
Mrs. Janine Williams
Mrs. Cecilia Wittels
Mrs. Emilie Wofford
Mr. Kelly Wofford
Mrs. Lorna Wong
Mr. Ron Wong
Mrs. Nan Wood
Mrs. Ann Worswick
Mrs. Beverly Worth
Mr. Rudolph Wratten
Ms. Agnes Wright
Mrs. Jody Wright
Mrs. Jeannette Yannie
Mr. Ernie Yarbro
Col. James Youngson
Mrs. Jean Youngson
Mrs. Gloria Zavala
Mr. Joe Zavala
Junior Docents
Sylvia Arechiga
Mona Lisa Barrera
Heather Burks
Brent Cray
Melissa Cunningham
Jackie Falcon
Jenny Fitts
Sylvia Garcia
Valerie Garcia
Jenny Garland
Jennifer Gonzales
Richard Hopper
Amy McNally
Jamie Rodriguez
Ofilio Solano
John Webb
Stacy Woods
Monetary Gifts
Mr. William C. Abbey
Academy for Educational
Development
Ms. Veena Agrawal
American Association for State
and Local History
AT&T
Ms. Patricia S. Ayres
Mrs. Ruth S. Bailey
The Honorable and Mrs.
T. Armour Sail
Miss Clara B. Balzen
Bexar County 4H Council
Mr. and Mrs. Albert M.
Biedenharn Jr.
The Roland and Jane Blumberg
Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Z.D. Bonner
Mrs. L.T. Botto
Mr. Benjamin Burroughs
Ms. Mary H. Burrow
Capitol Aggregates, Inc.
Ms. Dorothy S. Casey
U.T. Chancellor's Council
Mr. and Mrs. Robert W. Chapman
Chevron U.S.A .. Inc.
Ambassador and
Mrs. William Crook
Mrs. Guadalupe De Pena
Mr. and Mrs. Gerry Doyle
Mr. and Mrs. James T. Doyle
Mr. and Mrs. John Drysdale
Mrs. Virginia M. Drysdale
Ms. Clara Lee Fraser
Mrs. Dee Gilliland
Mr. John R. Gilmore
Bradley Service Unit,
S.A. Area Council of Girl Scouts
Ms. Carol B. Greenlee
Mrs. G.c. Guthrie
Mr. and Mrs. Alex Half!
Halo Distributing Co.
Mrs. James c. Harrison
Mr. and Mrs. Buster J. Harris
Mr. and Mrs. Clyde Hester
Mrs. Beverly Hidy
Highland Park School
Mrs. Marjorie Holliday
Houghton Mifflin Co.
Houston Endowment. Inc.
H.E .B. Grocery Co.
Mrs. Frieda E. Jackson
Japan America Society,
EI Paso
Lt. Col. David M. Jones
Mr. Robert A. Karam
Mrs. Jean Kaspar
Mrs. Gloria B. LaBatt
-La Quinta Motor Inns
Mr. and Mrs. Jack R.
Maguire Sr.
Mrs. Stanley Marsh III
Mr. Daniel Marshall
Mr. Earl M. Marshall
Mr. and Mrs. J.J. Martin
Mr. B.J. "Red" McCombs
The Eugene f-vlcDermott
Foundation
Mrs. John R. McGiffert
Mr. James Patrick McGuire
Robert and Evelyn
McKee Foundation
Amy Shelton McNutt Trust
Mrs. linda D. Miller
Mission Party Ice, Inc.
Mr. and Mrs. John J. Murnin
Mrs. Gilbert E. Naramor
Mrs, Mary J. Ogden
Mr. William D. Old II
Mrs. Buford T. Otwell
Ms. Catherine Peiffer
The J.c. Penney Company, Inc.
Edwina and O. Scott Petty
Charitable Trust
Mr. and Mrs. Scott Petty Jr.
Phillip Morris
Management Corp.
Minnie ~tevens
Piper Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Louis L. Pistel
Mr. and Mrs. Eugene Reed
SSgt. Henry Rodriguez
SAS, Inc.
S.A. Area Council of Girl Scouts
S.A. Area Council of Teachers
of English
S.A. Arts and Cultural Programs
S.A. Hungarian Association
Ms. Florence Saunders
Sawtelle, Boode, Davidson,
and TroHo
Mrs. Mary Ann Schwarz
Scurlock Foundation
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur A.
Seeligson Jr.
Seguin ISD
Mr. and Mrs. Robert R.
Shelton
Lt. Col. Augusta L. Short
Southwestern Bell Telephone
Spanish Ministry of Culture
Miss Josephine Sparks
Mrs. Louis H. Stumberg
St. David's Episcopal School
Children of St. Stephen's
Tesoro
Col. and Mrs. Robert H. Touby
Texas Committee for the
Humanities
Texas State Historical
Association
USAA
Mr. and Mrs. F.), Vollmer
Mrs. Jerry L. Waldman
Mr. and Mrs. Frank R. Watkins
Bill and Katie Weaver
Charitable Trust
Dr. and Mrs. Helen V. West Jr.
Mrs. Ruth Sterling Wheeler
The Woman's Club
of San Antonio
Margaret Cullinan
Wray Charitable
Lead Annuity Trust
Gifts-in-Kind
ARA Food Services
Alamo Iron Works
Amerjcan Folklife Center
Mr. Bill Arnett
Art, Inc.
Mr. Michael Balint
Mr. Damon Bartlett
Mr. and Mrs. Bill Biegert
Big Red Bottling Company
Mr. Charlie Bones Jr.
Mr. David Bowen
Ms. Mary Ann Bruni
Ms. Rosa Carrillo
Catering By Rosemary
Century Paper Company
Chelsea House Publishing
Christopher Columbus Society,
Ladies' Auxiliary
Miss Lois Clack
Coca Cola Bottling Company
Crain Distributing
Center for Research for Women,
Memphis State University
Mrs. Barbara Dent
Mr. Ron Dodson
Mrs. Estelle Dubray
Fabric Warehouse
Mr. and Mrs. N.K. Farmer
Fina Oil & Chemical Company
and Mr. Don S. Taylor
Mr. and Mrs. Robert Fitts
Mr. Harvey Fletcher
Consul General of the
Federal Republic of Germany
GLI Distributing
Gordon Southtex Company
Mr. Ron Gossen
Halo Distributing
Nancy Harkins Stationer
Mr. Jerry Herron
Mr. Clyde Hester
Mr. Doug Holden
H.E.B. Grocery Co.
KKYX Radio
Kallison's Farm & Ranch
Karam's Mexican Restaurant
Mrs. Rita Kerr
Kimble County Historical Society
Ruth Klause
Mr. Richard Lange
library of Congress
Lone Star Printing
Marriott Riverwalk Hotel
Mr. James Patrick McGuire
Menger Hotel
Metro Media Paging Services
Mexican Consulate
Mission City Beverage
Mission Ice Company
Sister MargH Nagy
Nationwide Paper Company
Newell Salvage
Ms. Thelma Nungesser
Oblate of Mary Immaculate
PacifiCare of Texas
Pioneer Flour Mills
Reagan National Advertising, Inc.
Dr. James E. Reveley
Ms. Janice Ricks
Dorothy Robinson
Roegelein Provision Company
Royal Street Crossing
San Antonio Light
San Antonio Savings Association
Mr. Torn Shelton
The Skyview Company
Sophienburg Archives
Mr. Ernest Speck
Mr. and Mrs. Jim Sweeney
Ms. Alma Stout Tarvin
Texas Highways Department
Texas State library
Travis Wholesale Florists
S.H. Tumlinson
Texas A&M University
Texas Historical Commission
Utopia Water Company
UTSA Center for
Archaeological Research
VIA Metropolitan Transit Co.
Van de Walle Farms
Mr. and Mrs. Frank Watkins
West Coast Produce
Mrs. Miriam York
H.B. Zachry Company
(continued from page 2)
was the Father of Our Country") like a typical workbook.
Or they might challenge the student to make decisions
in a historical re-creation bearing on a past event. The
better varieties of this software can be imaginative and
can get students involved in a way that textbooks cannot.
A program called "Oregon Trail" allows students to take
part in the westward migration. The computer asks them
to select the route, the date of departure, and the
equipment to be brought along, after which it formulates
various crises along the way (bad weather, Indian raids)
and forces the users to make choices in situations like
those confronted by the pioneers.
The main shortcoming in simulations and games is that
they do not expose students to the computer's more
common function as a database manager and analyzer­it
is hard to imagine any job in the real world that calls
for using a computer to simulate events or answer questions.
Using computers to test hypotheses entices students into
functioning much the way historians do (constructing and
testing hypotheses, interpreting statistics or pie charts) and
also inculcates in them the higher-order thinking skills which
are so lacking across the curriculum. In other disciplines,
students are using databases to study species of animals or
to acquaint themselves with the characteristics of various
nations or cultures. It is not difficult to imagine databases
that might be of value to the study of history in the schools,
but these are only slowly being developed and disseminated.
In the very near future computers will likely have as
dramatic an effect on how history is taught as they already
have had on how it is researched. Simulations, databases,
video disks can now offer students another window onto
their past. Looking further into the future, we can hardly
predict the ramifIcations of this technology for our disci­pline
or society in general any more than Johannes Guten­berg
could foresee the revolutionary implications which
his printing press had in store for Western civilization.
Jack Reynolds, Ph.D., is assistant professor of history
at The University of Texas at San Antonio.
The Institute of Texan Cultures is presently organizing
a project to introduce the computer into the history curric­ulum
, using the 1850 and 1880 local manuscript censuses
from Texas as a database. The computer has a reputation
for reducing individuals to statistics, but it can also allow
us to look at the individuals, at least as they are described
by the census. Used in conjunction with maps, photo­graphs,
newspapers, and other local sources, it has the
potential of making history more real for students, of
helping them to see how hitherto impersonal historical
forces (immigration or industrialization) affected the lives
of persons not unlike themselves in their own towns or
neighborhoods a century or more ago.
The issue of the impact of computers on the field of
printing will be part of the concern in a symposium, 'The
Printed Word in the 21st Century," November 10, 1990.
CALENDAR OF EVENTS
APRIL
Through May 27
Jewish Art of Celebration -Sponsored
by the Jewish Community Center, this
exhibit introduces three themes relating
to the celebratory nature of Jewish ritu­al-
the Law, the Life, and the Year - using
numerous ceremonial objects, works of
art, and interpretive panels. Guided tours
are available upon request. Lower Gallery.
April 29, 1-6 p.m.
Bowie Street Blues - San Antonio will
sing the bl ues again at this official Fiesta
event, held for the third year on the Insti­tute
grounds. The concert offers the grass­roots
Texas blues tradition for the enjoy­ment
of the general public, by featuring
talented musicians whose reputations sel­dom
extend beyond their communities.
Refreshments will be sold at the event;
no ice chests will be allowed. Free and
open to the public.
MAY
May 1-4
Early Music Festival-As a prelim­inary
event to this citywide celebration
May 7-14, demonstrations exploring the
variety of sound of early musical instru­ments
will be offered to middle school
and junior high students by invitation
only. Institute Conference Room.
May I-July 1
Rural Texas Women at Work,
1930 -1960 - This exhibit contains about
50 black-and-white photographs from the
Texas A&M University archives, which
demonstrate the daily activities of Texas
women in rural areas over three decades.
May 5-6, 9 a.m. -6 p.m.
Book Fair-This event will follow the
10th annual meeting of the Book
Publishers of Texas at the Menger Hotel.
With the theme "In Print: Texas;' the Book
Fair will spotlight the enormous variety
of books published in and about Texas.
Readings by selected authors of par-ticipating
publishers will be featured both
days. Institute Veranda.
May 6, 1-4 p.m.
Pioneer Sunday - Families can sample
the spirit of frontier Texas life through
hands-on experiences in the "Back 40:'
Activities will include frontier crafts,
games, and music. For a $2 fee, children
can dress up as pioneers and have their
photos taken. Free and open to the public.
JUNE
June I-July 24, 11 a.m. -3 p.m. daily
The "Back 40" interpretive areas, where
visitors can participate in a variety of
experiences from turn-of-the-century life,
will be open to the public. Free.
June 5-July 22
Con Safos: Forbidden Expression
from the Bexar County Jail-This ex­hibit
contains about 50 photographs of
walls in the old Bexar County Jail, by San
Antonio photographer Ansen Seale, in ad­dition
to examples of "handkerchief art:'
Lower Gallery.
These events and exhibits are subject to change.
3