TEXAS ~----------------------------~
PASS AG ES The University of Texas Institute of Texan Cultures at San Antonio
Fall 1989 Vol. 4, No.4
Hungarian Communities in Texas
by J. Patrick McGuire
Joe Nagy family and fa rmhands, Rice, Texas, c. 1900
George Bush's visit to Hungary
in July 1989, the first ever by an
American president, marked a sig­nificant
boost in our nation's sup­port
for the dismantling of the Iron
Curtain and for the East Block coun­tries'
recent efforts to evolve their
political and economic systems to­wards
Western models. America's
willingness to lend assistance, both
financial and moral, to Eastern Eu­ropean
nations, notably Hungary
and Poland, brought a favorable
reaction from Texas' Hungarian citi­zens,
many of whom had fled their
homelands to escape post-World
War II Russian domination.
Recent liberalizations in Hun­gary
have included political partici­pation
by non-Communists and the
introduction of Western-style profit­incentive
economic practices. These
signaled a more progressive future
for the homeland of Hungarian Tex­ans.
Interest in these moves, includ­ing
the rehabilitation of Hungary's
leaders and participants in the revo­lution
of 1956, were avidly followed
and discussed by Hungarian Texans
whose ties remained strong to their
mother country.
Action was most noticeable in
organized Hungarian communities
such as the San Antonio Hungarian
Association (SAHA) and the Hun­garian
American Cultural Associa­tion
(HACA) of Houston. HACA
spearheaded political action in re­cent
years aimed at bringing Ameri-con
tinued on next page
Steve and Rose Safran singing with Steve Johasz on guitar;
San Antonio Hungarian Association picnic; Bandera, 1957
Csardas Hungarian Dancers of Austin, Texas Folklife
Festival, 1979
can diplomatic and economic pres­sure
to bear on Rumania, whose
Hungarian minority was subjected
to ethnic discrimination. First Lady
Barbara Bush took note of the refu­gee
problem during her visit to a
resettlement center in Hungary in
July. In addition to refugee relief
funds, the San Antonio Hungarian
Association also donated to the
building of a Holocaust Memorial
in Budapest.
Commun.ity action by Hungar­ian
Texans firs(developed after the
failed 1956 revolution, when Hun­gary
valiantly attempted to throw
off Soviet domination. The resulting
exodus of political refugees to Amer­ica
strengthened the already extant
core communities composed of dis­placed
persons from World War II
as well as descendants of those who
sought economic opportunity in
America between 1880 and 1920. In
Texas' major urban centers, Dallas,
Houston, and San Antonio, social
and religious relief agencies met the
needs, in part, of the U'56ers" who
began arriving in Texas. However,
self-help by Texas' Hungarians was
also evident. Houston's HAC A and
San Antonio's SAHA came into
being as they organized to assist.
2
Housing, jobs, and learning
English were priority needs for the
hundreds of '56ers who landed at
Houston Hobby, Dallas Love, and
San Antonio airports during the
winter of 1956-1957. Mainly young,
often single, men constituted the
majority of the refugees, most of
whom had scientific and technical
skills. Assimilation was eased for
them by SAHA and HACA and by
religious and social agencies and
sponsors who assisted their adapta­tion
in their first months and years
in Texas. By the 1980's, Hungarian
Texans numbered over 12,500 and
lived mainly in large urban centers.
The role of Texas' new Hungar­ian
community organizations ex­tended
to more than basic needs of
new arrivals. Preserving Hungarian
cultural heritage and language as
well as providing social outlets for
the newcomers were important to
this ethnic community. For the first
time many Texans became aware of
the Hungarian minority in the state.
Proudly maintaining their identity,
Hungarian Texans also began partic­ipating
in activities such as festivals
and programs which recognized and
celebrated the multicultural compo­sition
of the state's population.
Texas Passages is published quarterly
by The University of Texas Institute
of Texan Cultures at San Antonio as
an information resource on subjects
relating to Texas history and culture
as well as current issues affecting the
state. Comments and suggestions
concerning the publication should be
directed to the Office of News and
Information, Institute of Texan Cul­tures,
P.D. Box 1226, San Antonio,
TX 78294, (512) 226-7651, ext. 257.
Editors: Jo Eckerman, Director of
News and Information
James C. McNutt, Director
of Research
Contributing Author:
]. Patrick McGuire,
Research Associate
10 Eckerman, Director of News and
Infomation for the Institute since
1983, is changing careers and, there­fore,
concludes her editorial and
other duties with this issue. We ap­preciate
her hard work here and
wish her the best of passages.
Meredith Rees, typesetter and de­signer
of Passages, has also chosen
another path, and we thank her for
all her efforts in our behalf.
Interestingly, Hungarian com­munity
formation was attempted a
century before in Texas - during the
1850's in San Antonio. Centering
around a dominant personality, that
of Laszlo Ujhazi, a political and
official figure in Louis Kossuth's re­publican
government during the
failed revolution of 1848-1849, the
pre-Civil War Hungarian pioneers
were exiles seeking new homes on
the Texas frontier. Never numbering
more than 20, they were mainly
nobles and middle-class participants
in Hungary's futile effort to re­nounce
Austrian Habsburg autocra­cy
in the ancient kingdom.
Laszlo Ujhazi, formerly a noble
landowner, gathered the exiles
around his Bexar County "estate;'
called Sirmezo (Hungarian for ceme­tery),
where most found new occu­pations
as farmers and ranchers.
The Varga family transplanted their
saddle-making skills to the Alamo
City, but others carne and left, fail­ing
to adapt to Texas conditions.
The former soldiers who remained
engaged in the first Hungarian com­munity
action in Texas history - a
hay harvesting and marketing coop­erative
business for San Antonio
during the . mid-1850's. Although
short-lived, it marked the beginning
of Texas' Hungarian community ef­forts.
Descendants of those pioneer
Hungarians, Anton Lorenz, John
Finto, Alexander Benke, and Benja­min
Varga, still live in Texas.
Post-World War II Hungarian
immigrants, mainly political refu­gees,
sparked the renaissance of
Hungarian community strength and
unified action in the Lone Star State.
The future of the San Antonio Hun­garian
Association, Houston's Hun­garian
American Cultural Associa­tion,
and Dallas-Fort Worth's large
concentration of Hungarian Texans
around the post-World War II trans­planted
Cistercian Abbey at Irving
depends on the Texas-born genera­tions.
Language and cultural reten­tion,
important to their immigrant
parents, are key factors in the con­tinuing
preservation of Hungarian­Texan
heritage.
Laszlo Ujhazi
Varga saddlery, San Antonio, 1918
Salute to Hungarian Texans
The Institute of Texan Cultures' new Hungarian-Texan exhibit area will open
, November 4 and 5, 1989, with a "Salute to Hungarian Texans" program series.
A public discussion program, funded in part by the Texas Committee for
the Humanities, a state program of the National Endowment for the H'uman­ities,
as well as demonstrations of Hungarian folk dances by Austin's Csardas
Hungarian Dancer,s and a fencing workshop by Hungarian-Texan pentafh­letes
(former members of Olympic and Modern Pentathlon teams) are
planned. The public is invited to the "Salute to Hungarian Texans:' (See
Calendar of Events.)
Support for the exhibit and for The Hungarian Texans (to be published
in 1990) was extended by the San Antonio Hungarian Associ.atian, the Min­nie
Stevens Piper Foundation (San Antonio), the Hungarian Feundation
af Texas, the Franz Liszt Foundation of the Americas, Houghton Mifflin
Company, Michael J. Balint, and anonymous donors.
3
Guerrero Viejo:
The Floods Came to Stay
Nuestra Senora del Refugio
Created by a treaty between the
United States and Mexico which was
designed to help control sporadic
floods and water shortages on the
Rio Grande, the Falcon Darn in Za­pata
County was completed in 1953.
Experts predicted a minimum of
three years for the reservoir to fill,
but the weather changed the time­table.
Within six months a surprise
storm caused by a hurricane in the
Pacific Ocean sent flood waters rag­ing
down the Rio Grande, and, as
Eugene George writes in his 1975 re­port
on the historical architecture of
the region, "the floods that had peri­odically
swept the valley and then
moved on, carne to stay:'
Several towns on both sides of
the border were inundated, includ­ing
Guerrero Viejo in Tamaulipas,
Mexico - a town with more than
4
by J 0 Eckerman
200 years of history now clouded by
the murky waters of Lake Falcon.
The city known today as Guerrero
Viejo was founded on October 10,
1750. Originally named the Villa de
Revilla de San Ignacio de Loyola,
Guerrero Viejo was among the 23
towns established over a two-year
period to secure a northern line of
defense for New Spain. Under the
leadership of Vicente Guerra, about
40 families settled in Revilla to form
a viable ranching community. The
town grew rapidly but had to be re­located
twice because of flood and
bad swamp air before the present
site was chosen. Renamed Guerrero
in honor of Vicente Guerrero, a hero
in the war for independence from
Spain, the town grew by 1848 to al­most
40,000 people. Over the next
century the effects of the Texas war
for independence, the war between
the U.S. and Mexico, the U.S. Civil
War, and the construction of a gov­ernment
railway between Monterrey
and Nuevo Laredo, combined to re­duce
the population to about 3,000.
By the time construction of Falcon
Darn was completed, 2,500 residents
remained, the majority relocated in
a new townsite, Guerrero Nuevo,
built by the Mexican government
near the darn.
The residents of Guerrero Viejo
left behind a majestic stone city now
two-thirds submerged in the waters
of Lake Falcon and rapidly falling
into ruin. Crafted from native sand­stone
quarried from the hills along
the Salado River, today the beautiful
buildings house only memories.
As a young girl, Diamintina
Garcia Ramirez lived in Guetrero
continued on page 7
Interior, Nuestra Senora del Refugic
5
Hotel Flores at high water, 1987
Well near Colegio Berta Flores at age 16
6
and attended the School for Girls on
Hidalgo Street. "Girls and boys alike
went to school from the age of six
to twelve;' she recalls, "and then they
were sent to learn a trade or to learn
how to keep a house . ... I learned
how to quilt when I was 15. It was
something every young lady was
expected to learn:' Wool for the
quilts, which became part of a
young girl's dowry, came from sheep
raised by local ranchers. Diamintina
says that the ranchers would shear
the sheep, put the wool in large
wicker baskets, and take them to a
bridge. "The men and boys would
lower the baskets of wool into the
river by large ropes;' she explains,
"and move the baskets up and down,
washing until the wool was clean:'
Diamintina remembers celebra­tions
featuring barbecues, pinatas,
and dancing all night. Many parties,
including her own wedding recep­tion,
were held at a salon owned by
her uncle. Others were held at the
Hotel Flores, one of Guerrero's most
striking buildings.
Built in 1871 by Juan Manuel
Flores, the hotel served as a land­mark
in Guerrero for many years.
Featuring red velvet draperies and
furnishings, exquisite wrought-iron
ornamentation, and a lavish ball­room
with dancing until dawn to
the music of the Orquestra Flores,
the hotel surrounded guests with
luxury. Eularia Vela de Flores oper­ated
the hotel and the accompanying
shop, which featured extravagant
imported items.
"People [came 1 by carriage from
as far away as San Antonio to shop
at her store;' says Berta Flores, Eula­ria's
granddaughter. "She had trunks
of imported goods that would come
from Cd. Victoria. . . . I can still
remember the colored pictures of the
beautiful Paris dresses that would
unfold when a trunk was opened for
a guest;' Berta recalls.
Jose Maria de la Garza spent a
year in Guerrero living with rela­tives
after the death of his father in
1916. "Because I was a child;' says
Jose, "I don't remember a lot, but I
can never forget the beautiful city
of Guerrero:' Special times of wor­ship
on Sundays are one aspect of
life in Guerrero that Jose recalls. "On
Hotel Flores from lower story of bandstand in Plaza Central
Sunday we went to church at 12 and
to Doctrine at one in the afternoon:'
Services were held at La Iglesia de
Nuestra Senora del Refugio - the
Church of our Lady of Refuge­today
Guerrero's most-famous and
most-photographed landmark .
The beautiful and enduring
structure was built of sandstone
quarried from a site southeast of
Guerrero used only for the church.
Constructed in the style of early
Franciscan missions, the church fea­tures
vaulted arches decorated with
gold fleur-de-lis. Today the arches
are marked also by the graffiti of
boaters who can drift inside the
walls of the church when the water
in Lake Falcon is high.
When the water line drops be­low
the church floor, however, Julia
Zamora, one the few remaining resi­dents
of Guerrero, sweeps the tiles,
fills the stone niches with religious
pictures, and lights votive candles in
prayer. Though no longer filled with
people and activity since the floods
came to stay, it is, as Julia says, "still
a church:'
Information for this article was drawn
from Guerrero Viejo: A Photographic
Essay by Lori McVey (Laredo: Nuevo
Santander Museum Complex, 1988).
Guerrero Viejo at the Institute
Guerrero Viejo . . . will open in the Institute's Lower Gallery
on November 14 and will be on display through January 7. This
exhibit of striking photographs by Lori McVey preserves a cultural
legacy still known to relatively few people. Institute members will
be able to attend an opening reception Friday, November 17, 6-8 p.m.
Docent training will be held November 14 at 2 p.m.
The construction of the Falcon Dam and reservoir is the focus
of a complementary selection of photographs which will be on view
adjacent to the exhibit. The photographs are from the San Antonio
Light Collection at the Institute.
7
Diverse Maps of Texas
by Jim McNutt
Sebastian Munster's map of the New World, c. 1550
I recently read a short story in
which the mother of the young pro­tagonist
prevents his death after dis­covering
a map in his bedroom on
which a line led to a spot marked
"cocaine:' Though news of the war
on drugs may have inspired it, the
story actually had more prosaic be­ginnings
- as a sixth grader's class
assignment requiring the use of the
word "atlas:'
Young imaginations apparent­ly
map more somber ideas now than
they did 25 years ago when I was
reading pieces about lost mines and
buried treasure. For Coronado's chil­dren
the lines always led to burro-
8
loads of gold dust or bars of silver,
drugs luring the "shades of dead
dreamers alI:'
But it is heartening to know
that young writers can identify so­cial
dilemmas as well as dreams of
fortune with maps, even fictional
ones. They may be better prepared
for the terrain they will cross later.
The terrain of Texas has occa­sioned
an unusually wide spectrum
of plausibilities where maps are con­cerned.
The shape of the state, for
example, is something that many
people regard as a settled affair. But
a look into a good historical atlas
reveals all sorts of hopes and conten-tions.
How many dreams were built
on maps like those of Sebastian
Munster (1550) or Samuel Mitchell
(1846)7 The Compromise of 1850
ostensibly fixed the political bound­aries
of the state in its present shape,
though several places, such as the
Nueces Strip, have arguably be­longed
on either side of a line.
Later maps began to reveal the
physical contours of the land. Begin­ning
with the U.S. Army surveys in
the late 1840's and continuing with
USGS topographical surveys, maps
have become increasingly detailed.
Nowadays, of course, photographic
images from satellites expose even
continued on page 10
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'A~gustus Mitchell's new map of Texas, Oregon, and California, 1846
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POPULA nON ORIGIN GROUPS
IN RURAL TEXAS
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Terry Jordan 's "Population Origin Groups in Rural Texas," 1970, Reprinted with
permission from Arbingast, Atlas of Texas (see reading list) ,
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9
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individual buildings on the ground,
and infrared versions plot the envi­ronmental
impact of human indus­try.
Technological precision, how­ever,
has never fully preempted the
imaginative side of mapmaking.
Maps showing the diversity of
people and their movements within
the state, for example, possess com­plexities
rivaling the issue of political
boundaries. Terry Jordan's 1970 map
of "Population Origin Groups in
Rural Texas;' developed from a 1960
census database, located 15 groups
in stripes and splotches across the
state. We the People: An Atlas of
America's Ethnic Diversity, recently
compiled by James Paul Allen and
Eugene James Turner, contains indi­vidual
maps showing the distribu­tion
and density of 60-odd ethnic
groups across the United States,
county by county, based on 1980
census data.
Ironically while computers can
help create maps which enhance our
perception of statistical variety, less
technological methods have jumped
to wholesale realignments of bor­ders.
Joel Garreau proposed not
long ago that North American
boundaries be revised to reflect nine
"nations;' splintering Texas into parts
of three larger regions named
"Dixie;' "The Breadbasket;' and
"MexAmerica:' He explains that the
"nations" are geographical regions
whose peoples possess distinctive
world views, histories, and econo­mies.
They are, in other words, cul­tural
regions.
It may be, as Garreau says, that
this is "the way North America real­ly
works:' But drawing political lines
Texas Maps
Suggestions for Reading and Browsing
Allt:n, James Paul, and Eugene James Turner. We the People: An Atlas of
America's Ethnic Diversity. New York: Macmillan, 1988.
Arbingast, Stanley A., et al. Atlas of Texas. Austin: Bureau of Business
Research, 1976.
Bryan, James P , and Walter K. Hanak. Texas in Maps. Project for a Texas
Quarterly feature . Austin: University of Texas, 1961.
County Maps of Texas . Prepared by State Department of Highways and
Public Transportation. 1988.
Day, James M., et al. Maps of Texas, 1527-1900. The Map Collection of
the Texas State Archives. Austin: Pemberton Press, 1964.
Frantz, Joe B., and Mike Cox. Lure of the Land: Texas County Maps and
the History of Settlement. College Station: Texas A&M University
Press, 1989.
Garreau, Joel. The Nine Nations of North A merica. New York: Houghton
Mifflin, 1981.
Jordan, Terry G. Texas: A Geography. Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1984.
Martin, James c., and Robert Sidney Martin. Maps of Texas and the
Southwest, 1513-1900. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico
Press/Amon Carter Museum, 1984.
Reinhartz, Dennis, ·and Charles C. Colley. The Mapping of the American
Southwest. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1987.
Stephens, A. Ray, and William M. Holmes. Historical Atlas of Texas.
Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989.
10
around cultural regions raises a
dilemma which Mody Boatright
identified more than 45 years ago in
a discussion of folklore and national
boundaries: 'To restrict each nation­al
boundary to a 'homogeneous
group with a long common tradition
and experience' would be to Balkan­ize
the world:' Conceived in terms
of cultural regions, the picture of
North American (and Texan) diver­sity
could conceivably worsen the
divisions that frequently arise be­tween
peoples. (Recall, for example,
the sad legacy of the various pro­posals
to isolate Indians, Blacks, and
other peoples in specific regions of
the continent.)
In the final analysis, maps nev­er
seem to tell us enough. But they
say a great deal about what we want
to know.
Memorials
The following tributes help support
a variety of programs and publications
at the Institute of Texan Cultures and
create a legacy of cultural pride that com­memorates
these individuals.
Tributes were made in memory of:
Carl W. Stapleton by Clyde Hester;
James P. McGuire; Col. and Mrs.
R.H. Touby
Homer Andersen by Carol Blanton
Greenlee
Ted Mahone by William C. Abbey
Edith Cunningham by Carol Blanton
Greenlee
Fred Stefan by Bonnie Truax
Tributes were made in honor of:
Mr. Charlie Eanes by Carol Blanton
Greenlee
New Members
Associates
Mrs. Kenneth R. Albert
Mrs. Marianna Blase
Mr. Stephen Catalani
Ray D. Corbett Junior High School,
Schertz-Cibolo-Universal City ISD
Mr. Enrique T. De La Garza
Ms. Conception De Luna
Ms. Nancy L. Dial
Ms. Sue Doty
Ms. Faylene R. Drozd
Ms. Ruth Ann English
Mr. Thomas C. Ferguson
Ms. Donna Bancroft Green
Col. Frederick P. Hallsworth
Mrs. Susan L. Hartman
Mr. Mark S. Heep
Mr. Merle R. Hudgins
Mrs. Patrick M. John
Mr. Colin Kennedy
Ms. Marianne Malouf
Midway Independent School District-
Waco
Ms. Ilse Miller
Mr. Carroll W. Phillips
Mr. Ted H. T. Reinsch
Charles and Lou Rodenberger
Lt. Col. and Mrs. George 0. Rogers
Mrs. Kimberly A. Rose
Ms. Pat Sidebottom
Mrs. Lemuel J. Smith
Mrs. Earline Valdez
Mrs. Dona L. Walston
Dr. R. L. Wascher Jr.
Bill and Katie Weaver
Charitable Trust
Ms. Janice K. Williams
Alliance
Becky Carr
Joyce Harris
Connie Macias
Steve Richards
Brian Schill
Penny Schwethelm
Elizabeth Smith
Tana White
Ambassadors
Mr. Enrique De La Garza, Laredo
Mrs. Margaret Ann (Cookie) Foster,
Mt. Pleasant
Mr. Shaun Heavey, Alto
Mr. Jerry Hogue, Floresville
Mrs. Lou Adele May, Beeville
Mrs. Yvonne Mizell, Mt. Pleasant
Mrs. Geneva Rossignol, McAllen
Ms. Toni Turner, Austin
Mrs. Julie Weatherly, Lubbock
Mr. and Mrs. Don Wisener, Alpine
Traveling Exhibits
Traveling exhibits are designed by the Institute of Texan Cultures so that all
Texans can enjoy learning about the state's heritage. The exhibits can be found
in schools, businesses, libraries, shopping malls, museums, and other public
buildings throughout the state. The following list will help you locate the Institute
exhibit on display near you. For further information or to reserve an exhibit, contact
the Traveling Exhibits Coordinator at (512) 226-7651, ext. 223.
Archeology in Texas
October 4-November 4: LEANDER/ Leander Junior High School
Children of Many Lands Came to Texas
September 26-0ctober 25: DALLAS/State Fair of Texas
October 16-November 17: CONROE/ David Crockett School
November 1-30: MULESHOE: Muleshoe ISD
The 18th Century Origins of the Tejano Community in San Antonio
Through October 5: SAN ANTONIO/ Ft. Sam Houston
October 10-November 10: CORPUS CHRISTl/Spanish American
Genealogical Association
November 20-January 31: SAN ANTONIO/San Antonio Arts Council,
City Hall
El Vaquero: Genesis del Cowboy Texano
September 28-0ctober 28: CORPUS CHRISTl/NBC Bank
A Festival of Pinatas
November 1-30: LEANDER/ Lois Giddens Elementary School
The Greeks in Texas: A Proud Heritage
December 1-31: HOUSTON/Annunciation Cathedral
Lone Star and Eagle: German Immigration to Texas
October 2-31: HUNTSVILLE/ Huntsville High School
December 1-31: EDNA/ Texana Museum
Mexican Folk Toys
Through October 6: WICHITA FALLS/ Wichita Falls Museum
December 1-31: SAN ANTONIO/ McCreless Mall
December I-January 15: ODESSA/ Presidential Museum
Reach for the Sky: Aviation in Texas
October 13-November 3: BEEVILLE/ Bee County Western Week
Saints Preserve Us
October IS-November 5: SAN ANTONIOllnstitute of Texan Cultures
December 1-31: CORPUS CHRISTl/Corpus Christi Museum
December 1-31: EDINBURG/ Hidalgo County Historical Museum
Texas Images
September 26-0ctober 25: DALLAS/ State Fair of Texas
Texas Women: A Celebration of History
October 2-31: ALICE/Alice High School
October 9-29: AUSTIN/ Northcross Mall
Treasure, People, Ships and Dreams
October 1-31: EDINBURG/ Hidalgo County Historical Museum
November 1-12: AUSTIN/ Texas Antiquities Committee
November 20-December 31: GALVESTON/Junior League of Galveston
11
Odober
October 20 and 21: Cross-Cultural Under­standing
through Autobiography: Mex­ican,
American, and Mexican Ameri­can
- This symposium, cosponsored
and funded by the Institute, the Texas
Committee for the Humanities, Trinity
University, and the Universidad Nacio­nal
Aut6noma de Mexico - San Anto­nio,
focuses on cross-cultural under­standing
through Mexican, Mexican­American,
and American literature. Dr.
Helen Delpar of the University of Ala­bama
will conduct the October 20
session, "North Americans Respond to
Mexico;' from 8:30-10 a.m. The October
21 session, 9-11 a .m., conducted by Dr.
Allan Kownslar of Trinity University,
will be a workshop for high school
teachers of English and Social Studies
on the use of autobiography in the class­room.
Institute Conference Center, free
and open to the public.
October 21, 9 a.m. -5 p.m.:Texans in the
Land of the Maya -The Institute, the
Southern Texas Archaeological Associa­t:
"'n, the San Antonio Museum Associ­aLon,
and the Texas Committee for the
Humanities cosponsor this symposium
Calendar of Events
in conjunction with "Guatemala Month"
activities throughout San Antonio. The
focus will be on the work of Texan
scholars on Mayan civilization. Exhibit
Floor, free and open to the public.
October 24-November 5: Dia de los Muertos
(Day of the Dead) Altar-Customs and
traditions surrounding the Day of the
Dead will be explored. Exhibit Floor,
Spanish-Mexican Area.
October 29, 1-4 p.m.: Spooky Sunday­Children
are encouraged to come in cos­tume
and bring their own pumpkin to
decorate with materials provided by the
Institute. Other activities will include
"spooky" movies in the Dome Theater,
trick-or-treat bag decorating, face paint­ing,
a Halloween puppet show, and a
costume parade. Free and open to the
public, with a $2 fee for optional picture
with a "witch."
November
November 4, 1-5 p.m.: A public discussion
program on Hungarian Immigration to
Texas will be held in conjunction with
the opening of the Hungarian Area on
the Institute's exhibit floor. Conference
Center, free and open to the public.
These events and exhibits are subject to change.
-3W
The University of Texas
Institute of Texan Cultures
at San Antonio
Box 1226
November 5,2-4 p.m. : A Special Salute to
Hungarian Texans will celebrate the
opening of the Hungarian Area with
performances by the Csardas Hungar­ian
Dancers of Austin and a fencing
demonstration by Hungarian.:rexan U.S.
Modern Pentathletes. Dome Theater,
free and open to the public.
November 14-January 7: Guerrero Viejo: A
Photographic Essay -The "beautiful
stone buildings of Guerrero" are docu­mented
through photographs and inter­views
with former residents in this ex­hibit
by Lori McVey. The town was
abandoned to make way for the build­ing
of Falcon Dam. Lower Gallery.
Through January 7: Guerrero Viejo: A Pho­tographic
Essay.
December 3, 1-4 p.m.: Holiday Traditions
around the World will feature family
activities involving traditions from the
wide variety of ethnic groups represent­ed
on the exhibit floor. Activities will
include games, crafts, and a visit from
a "Cowboy Santa:' The event is free and
open to the public, with a $2 fee for an
optional picture with Santa.
Nonprofit Organization
U.S. POSTAGE
PAID
San Antonio, Texas
Pennit No. 364
CLYDE HESTER
14315 oak Shadows
Stained glass by William A. Krusoe, Budapest, 1936;
included in the Institute's new Hungarian-Texan exhibit.
San Antonio , TX 78232